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Breastfeeding and smoking among low-income women: Results of a longitudinal qualitative study

机译：低收入妇女的母乳喂养和吸烟：一项纵向定性研究的结果

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Background: The benefits of breastfeeding for infants and mothers have been well established, yet rates of breastfeeding remain well below national recommendations in the United States and even lower for women who smoke during pregnancy. Primary goals of this study were to explore contextual factors that contribute to breastfeeding intentions and behavior and to examine how smoking status affected women's decision making about breastfeeding. Methods: This paper is based on a longitudinal qualitative study of smoking, pregnancy, and breastfeeding among 44 low-income women in the southwest U.S. who smoked during pregnancy. Each woman was interviewed 9 times; 6 times during pregnancy and 3 times postpartum using semistructured questionnaires. Interviews lasted 1 to 3 hours and were tape-recorded, transcribed, and analyzed. Results: Despite 36 (82%) respondents stating that they intended to breastfeed for an average duration of 8 months, rates of breastfeeding initiation and duration were much lower than intentions. By 6 months postpartum, only two women were breastfeeding exclusively. Conclusions: Women perceived that a strong risk of harming the baby was posed by smoking while breastfeeding and received little encouragement to continue breastfeeding despite an inability to stop smoking. The perceptions of the toxic, addictive, and harmful effects of smoking on breastmilk constitution and quantity factored into reasons why women weaned their infants from breastfeeding much earlier than the recommended 6 months. The results indicate a need for more consistency and routine in educating women on the relationship between smoking and breastfeeding and in promoting breastfeeding in spite of smoking postpartum.
机译：背景：母乳喂养对婴儿和母亲的益处已得到公认，但母乳喂养的比率仍远低于美国的国家建议，对于怀孕期间吸烟的妇女甚至更低。这项研究的主要目的是探讨有助于母乳喂养意图和行为的情境因素，并研究吸烟状况如何影响妇女对母乳喂养的决策。方法：本文基于对美国西南部怀孕期间吸烟的44名低收入妇女吸烟，怀孕和母乳喂养的纵向定性研究。每个妇女接受了9次采访;怀孕期间6次，产后3次，使用半结构式问卷。采访持续1到3个小时，并进行录音，转录和分析。结果：尽管有36位（82％）的受访者表示他们打算以平均8个月的时间进行母乳喂养，但母乳喂养的开始率和持续时间却远低于预期。到产后6个月，只有两名女性完全母乳喂养。结论：妇女认为母乳喂养期间吸烟会给婴儿造成很大的伤害风险，尽管无法戒烟，但她们很少受到鼓励继续母乳喂养的鼓励。人们对吸烟对母乳成分和数量的毒性，成瘾性和有害影响的看法是导致女性断奶婴儿的时间比建议的6个月要早得多的原因。结果表明，尽管产后吸烟，但仍需要更多的一致性和常规来教育妇女吸烟与母乳喂养之间的关系以及促进母乳喂养。

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