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Phase Transitioning the Centrosome into a Microtubule Nucleator

机译：将中心体转变为微管核核心核

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摘要

Centrosomes are self-assembling, micron-scale, nonmembrane bound organelles that nucleate microtubules (MTs) and organize the microtubule cytoskeleton of the cell. They orchestrate critical cellular processes such as ciliary-based motility, vesicle trafficking, and cell division. Much is known about the role of the centrosome in these contexts, but we have a less comprehensive understanding of how the centrosome assembles and generates microtubules. Studies over the past 10 years have fundamentally shifted our view of these processes. Subdiffraction imaging has probed the amorphous haze of material surrounding the core of the centrosome revealing a complex, hierarchically organized structure whose composition and size changes profoundly during the transition from interphase to mitosis. New biophysical insights into protein phase transitions, where a diffuse protein spontaneously separates into a locally concentrated, nonmembrane bounded compartment, have provided a fresh perspective into how the centrosome might rapidly condense from diffuse cytoplasmic components. In this Perspective, we focus on recent findings that identify several centrosomal proteins that undergo phase transitions. We discuss how to reconcile these results with the current model of the underlying organization of proteins in the centrosome. Furthermore, we reflect on how these findings impact our understanding of how the centrosome undergoes self-assembly and promotes MT nucleation.
机译：CentroSomes是自组装，微米级，非模糊的细胞器，即核心微管（MTS）并组织细胞的微管细胞骨架。他们协调临界细胞过程，如睫状体运动，囊泡贩运和细胞分裂。关于中心组体在这些背景下的作用是众所周知的，但我们对Centosome如何组装和产生微管的了解不太全面的理解。过去10年的研究从根本上转变了我们对这些进程的看法。 Subidiffraction成像已经探讨了所以围绕中心组的核心的材料的无定形雾霾，揭示了一种复杂的分层组织结构，其组成和尺寸在从差异到有丝分裂的转变过程中深刻地变化。新的生物物理洞察蛋白相转变，其中漫射蛋白自发地分离成局部浓缩的非糊状室有界室，已经提供了新的透视，以将中心体迅速从弥漫性细胞质组分中迅速浓缩。在这种观点中，我们专注于最近发现几种接受相转变的Centrosomal蛋白质的发现。我们讨论如何将这些结果与中心组合中的蛋白质的当前模型进行调和。此外，我们反映了这些发现如何影响我们对中心组体如何经历自组装并促进MT成核的理解。

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  • 来源
    《Biochemistry》 |2018年第1期|共8页
  • 作者

    Michael J. Rale; Rachel S. Kadzik; Sabine Petry;

  • 作者单位

    Department of Molecular Biology Princeton University Princeton New Jersey 08544 United States;

    Department of Molecular Biology Princeton University Princeton New Jersey 08544 United States;

    Department of Molecular Biology Princeton University Princeton New Jersey 08544 United States;

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  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 生物化学;
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