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Evidence for positive, but not negative, behavioral contrast with wheel-running reinforcement on multiple variable-ratio schedules

机译：在多个可变比率的计划中，通过车轮行驶的强化可以得出正面但不是负面的行为对比

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摘要

Rats responded on a multiple variable-ratio (VR) 10 VR 10 schedule of reinforcement in which lever pressing was reinforced by the opportunity to run in a wheel for 30 s in both the changed (manipulated) and unchanged components. To generate positive contrast, the schedule of reinforcement in the changed component was shifted to extinction; to generate negative contrast, the schedule was shifted to VR 3. With the shift to extinction in the changed component, wheel-running and local lever-pressing rates increased in the unchanged component, a result supporting positive contrast; however, the shift to a VR 3 schedule in the changed component showed no evidence of negative contrast in the unaltered setting, only wheel running decreased in the unchanged component. Changes in wheel-running rates across components were consistent in showing a compensation effect, depending on whether the schedule manipulation increased or decreased opportunities for wheel running in the changed component. These findings are the first to demonstrate positive behavioral contrast on a multiple schedule with wheel running as reinforcement in both components. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
机译：大鼠按照多变量比率（VR）10 VR 10加固计划做出响应，其中通过在变化（操纵）和不变组件中在车轮中行驶30 s的机会来加强杠杆压紧。为了产生积极的反差，将更换部件的加固时间表移至灭绝状态。为了产生消极的对比，将时间表移至VR3。由于更改后的组件已绝迹，未更改组件中的车轮行驶和局部操纵杆按动速率增加，结果支持了积极的对比;但是，在更改后的组件中切换到VR 3时间表并没有显示出在未更改的设置中出现负对比度的迹象，在不变的组件中只有车轮行驶降低了。组件之间的车轮行驶速度变化在显示补偿效果方面是一致的，具体取决于进度表操纵是在更改后的组件中增加车轮行驶机会还是减少车轮行驶机会。这些发现是第一个在多个时间表上都表现出积极的行为对比的研究，车轮在两个部件上均作为加强件。 （C）2016 Elsevier B.V.保留所有权利。

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