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Global Determinants of Navigation Ability

机译：导航能力的全局决定因素

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摘要

Human spatial ability is modulated by a number of factors, including age [] and gender []. Although a few studies showed that culture influences cognitive strategies [], the interaction between these factors has never been globally assessed as this requires testing millions of people of all ages across many different countries in the world. Since countries vary in their geographical and cultural properties, we predicted that these variations give rise to an organized spatial distribution of cognition at a planetary-wide scale. To test this hypothesis, we developed a mobile-app-based cognitive task, measuring non-verbal spatial navigation ability in more than 2.5 million people and sampling populations in every nation state. We focused on spatial navigation due to its universal requirement across cultures. Using a clustering approach, we find that navigation ability is clustered into five distinct, yet geographically related, groups of countries. Specifically, the economic wealth of a nation was predictive of the average navigation ability of its inhabitants, and gender inequality was predictive of the size of performance difference between males and females. Thus, cognitive abilities, at least for spatial navigation, are clustered according to economic wealth and gender inequalities globally, which has significant implications for cross-cultural studies and multi-center clinical trials using cognitive testing.
机译：人类空间能力由许多因素调制，包括年龄[]和性别[]。虽然一些研究表明，文化影响了认知策略[]，但这些因素之间的互动从未被全球评估，因为这需要在世界上许多不同国家的所有年龄段的人中测试数百万人。由于各国因其地域和文化特性而异，因此我们预测这些变化在行星范围内引起了对认知的有组织的空间分布。为了测试这一假设，我们开发了一种基于移动应用的认知任务，测量了每种国家超过250万人的非言语空间导航能力，并在每个国家国家的采样群体。由于其跨文化的普遍要求，我们专注于空间导航。使用聚类方法，我们发现导航能力被聚集成五个不同但地理上相关的国家。具体而言，国家的经济财富是预测其居民的平均导航能力，性别不平等是预测男性和女性之间的绩效差异规模。因此，至少用于空间导航的认知能力根据全球经济财富和性别不平等，对跨文化研究和使用认知测试的多中心临床试验具有重大影响。

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  • 来源
    《Current Biology: CB》 |2018年第17期|共10页
  • 作者

    Antoine Coutrot; Ricardo Silva; Ed Manley; Will de Cothi; Saber Sami; Véronique D. Bohbot; Jan M. Wiener; Christoph H?lscher; Ruth C. Dalton; Michael Hornberger; Hugo J. Spiers;

  • 作者单位

    Institute of Behavioural Neuroscience Department of Experimental Psychology Division of Psychology and Language Sciences University College London;

    Department of Statistical Science and CSML University College London;

    Centre for Advanced Spatial Analysis University College London;

    Institute of Behavioural Neuroscience Department of Experimental Psychology Division of Psychology and Language Sciences University College London;

    Norwich Medical School University of East Anglia;

    Douglas Mental Health University Institute Department of Psychiatry McGill University;

    Department of Psychology Ageing and Dementia Research Centre Bournemouth University;

    ETH Zürich Swiss Federal Institute of Technology;

    Department of Architecture and Built Environment Northumbria University;

    Norwich Medical School University of East Anglia;

    Institute of Behavioural Neuroscience Department of Experimental Psychology Division of Psychology and Language Sciences University College London;

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  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 other
  • 中图分类 生物科学;
  • 关键词

    spatial cognition; cross-country analysis; crowdsourcing; gender differences; aging;

    机译：空间认知;越野分析;众包;性别差异;老龄化;

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