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The Neurobiology of Mammalian Navigation

机译:哺乳动物导航的神经生物学

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Mammals have evolved specialized brain systems to support efficient navigation within diverse habitats and over varied distances, but while navigational strategies and sensory mechanisms vary across species, core spatial components appear to be widely shared. This review presents common elements found in mammalian spatial mapping systems, focusing on the cells in the hippocampal formation representing orientational and locational spatial information, and ‘core’ mammalian hippocampal circuitry. Mammalian spatial mapping systems make use of bothallotheticcues (space-defining cues in the external environment) andidiotheticcues (cues derived from self-motion). As examples of each cue type, we discuss: environmental boundaries, which control both orientational and locational neuronal activity and behaviour; and ‘path integration’, a process that allows the estimation of linear translation from velocity signals, thought to depend upon grid cells in the entorhinal cortex. Building cognitive maps entails sampling environments: we consider how the mapping system controls exploration to acquire spatial information, and how exploratory strategies may integrate idiothetic with allothetic information. We discuss how ‘replay’ may act to consolidate spatial maps, and simulate trajectories to aid navigational planning. Finally, we discuss grid cell models of vector navigation.
机译:哺乳动物已经进化了专门的大脑系统,以支持多样化的栖息地和多种距离内的有效导航,而导航策略和感官机制各种各样,核心空间部件似乎被广泛共用。本综述介绍哺乳动物空间映射系统中的共同元素,专注于代表取向和位置空间信息的海马形成中的细胞,以及“核心”哺乳动物海马电路。哺乳动物空间映射系统利用Boshthotheticuces(外部环境中的空间定义线索)ididiotheticcues(来自自动运动的线索)。作为每个提示类型的示例,我们讨论:环境边界,可控制取向和位置神经元活动和行为;和“路径集成”,允许从速度信号估计线性转换的过程,认为依赖于Entorhinal皮质中的网格单元。构建认知地图需要采样环境:我们考虑映射系统如何控制探索以获取空间信息,以及探索性策略如何与同时信息集成成熟。我们讨论“重放”如何行动,以巩固空间地图,并模拟轨迹以援助导航计划。最后,我们讨论矢量导航网格单元模型。

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