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Assessing similarity: on homology, characters and the need for a semantic approach to non-evolutionary comparative homology

机译：评估相似性：关于同源性，性格和对非进化比较同源性的语义方法的需求

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The problem of homology has been a consistent source of controversy at the heart of systematic biology, as has the step of morphological character analysis in phylogenetics. Based on a clear epistemic framework and a characterization of "characters" as diagnostic evidence units for the recognition of not directly identifiable entities, I discuss the ontological definition and empirical recognition criteria of phylogenetic, developmental and comparative homology, and how these three accounts of homology each contribute to an understanding of the overall phenomenon of homology. I argue that phylogenetic homologies are individuals or historical kinds that require comparative homology for identification. Developmental homologies are natural kinds that ultimately rest on phylogenetic homologies and also require comparative homology for identification. Comparative homologies on the other hand are anatomical structural kinds that are directly identifiable. I discuss pre-Darwinian comparative homology concepts and their problem of invoking non-material forces and involving the a priori assumption of a stable positional reference system. Based on Young's concept of comparative homology, I suggest a procedure for recognizing comparative homologues that lacks these problems and that utilizes a semantic framework. This formal conceptual framework provides the much needed semantic transparency and computer-parsability for documenting, communicating and analysing similarity propositions. It provides an essential methodological framework for generalizing over individual organisms and identifying and demarcating anatomical structural kinds, and it provides the missing link to the logical chain of identifying phylogenetic homology. The approach substantially increases the analytical accessibility of comparative research and thus represents an important contribution to the theoretical and methodological foundation of morphology and comparative biology. (C) The Willi Hennig Society 2016.
机译：同源性的问题是系统生物学核心争议的一致来源，具有文学性血症的形态学性质分析的步骤。基于明确的认知框架和“人物”的表征作为诊断证据单位，以认识到不直接识别的实体，讨论了系统发育，发育和比较同源性的本体学定义和经验识别标准，以及这三个同源性的三个叙述每个人都有助于了解同源性的整体现象。我认为系统发育同源物是需要对比喻进行鉴定的个体或历史。发育同源物是最终依赖于系统发育同源物的自然种类，并且还需要对比较同源性的鉴定。另一方面的比较同源性是直接识别的解剖结构种类。我讨论了前达尔文比较同源概念及其调用非物质力量并涉及先验假设稳定位置参考系统的问题。基于年轻的比较同源性的概念，我建议识别缺乏这些问题并且利用语义框架的比较同源物的程序。这种正式的概念框架为记录，通信和分析相似性命题提供了很多所需的语义透明度和计算机解析。它提供了一种基本的方法框架，用于概括各种生物和识别和划分解剖结构种类，它提供了识别系统发育同源性的逻辑链的缺失链接。该方法大大提高了比较研究的分析可接近性，从而对形态学和比较生物学的理论和方法论基础表示重要贡献。 （c）2016年威利赫纳格学会。

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  • 来源
    《Current Biology: CB》 |2017年第10期|共27页
  • 作者

    Vogt Lars;

  • 作者单位

    Univ Bonn Inst Evolut Biol &

    Okol Immenburg 1 D-53121 Bonn Germany;

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  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 生物科学;
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