Earliest Mysticete from the Late Eocene of Peru Sheds New Light on the Origin of Baleen Whales

Lambert Olivier; Martianez-Caceres Manuel; Bianucci Giovanni; Di Celma Claudio; Salas-Gismondi Rodolfo; Steurbaut Etienne; Urbina Mario; de Muizon Christian

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Earliest Mysticete from the Late Eocene of Peru Sheds New Light on the Origin of Baleen Whales

机译：最早从秘鲁后期的神秘猎犬揭示了Bealeen Whales的起源

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Although combined molecular and morphological analyses point to a late middle Eocene (38-39million years ago) origin for the clade Neoceti (Odontoceti, echolocating toothed whales plus Mysticeti, baleen whales, and relatives), the oldest knownmysticete fossil dates from the latest Eocene (about 34 million years ago) of Antarctica [1, 2]. Considering that the latter is not the most stemward mysticete in recent phylogenies and that Oligocene toothed mysticetes display a broad morphological disparity most likely corresponding to contrasted ecological niches, the origin of mysticetes from a basilosaurid ancestor and its drivers are currently poorly understood [1, 3-8]. Based on an articulated cetacean skeleton from the early late Eocene (Priabonian, around 36.4million years ago) of the Pisco Basin, Peru, we describe a new archaic tooth-bearing mysticete, Mystacodon selenensis gen. et sp. nov. Being the geologically oldest neocete (crown group cetacean) and the earliest mysticete to branch off described so far, the new taxon is interpreted as morphologically intermediate between basilosaurids and later toothedmysticetes, providing thus crucial information about the anatomyof the skull, forelimb, and innominate at these critical initial stages of mysticete evolution. Major changes in the morphology of the oral apparatus (including tooth wear) and flipper compared to basilosaurids suggest that suction and possibly benthic feeding represented key, early ecological traits accompanying the emergence of modern filter-feeding baleen whales' ancestors.

机译：虽然结合分子和形态学分析到了半孢子（38-39米年前）的后期（38-39亿年前）的原产地（Odontoceti，呼应齿鲸加上Mysticeti，Bealeen Whales和亲戚），最古老的已知熟悉的化石日期来自最新的eocene（大约3400万年前）南极[1,2]。考虑到后者在近期文学发生中不是最棘手的神秘化工，并且寡烯齿状齿状物展现出广泛的形态差异，最有可能对应于对比的生态学群体，来自巴斯洛龙祖先的祖先及其司机的神秘主义者目前尚未理解[1,3 -8]。基于来自早期何期初期的铰接式的鲸类骨架（Pirebonian，大约36.4milion多年前）的Pisco Basin，秘鲁，我们描述了一种新的古老牙齿Mysticete，Mystacodon Selenensis Gen。等等。 11月。作为地质上最古老的新臣（Crown Group Cetacean）和最早的Mysticete到目前为止，新的分类群被解释为Basilosaurids和后来的牙齿之间的形态中间体，因此提供了关于颅骨，前肢和无尾的解剖学的重要信息这种批判性初始阶段的神秘带演化。与Basilosaurids相比，口腔设备（包括牙齿磨损）和鳍状肢形态的主要变化表明，吸入和可能底栖饲料代表关键，早期生态特征伴随着现代过滤喂养的Baleen Whales'祖先的出现。

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《Current Biology: CB》 |2017年第10期|共9页
作者
Lambert Olivier; Martianez-Caceres Manuel; Bianucci Giovanni; Di Celma Claudio; Salas-Gismondi Rodolfo; Steurbaut Etienne; Urbina Mario; de Muizon Christian;
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Inst Royal Sci Nat Belgique DO Terre &

Hist Vie Rue Vautier 29 B-1000 Brussels Belgium;

Sorbonne Univ Museum Natl Hist Nat CNRS MNHN UPMC Dept Origines &

Evolut Ctr Rech Paleobiodivers &

Paleoenvionm CR2P Rue Buffon 8 F-75005 Paris France;

Univ Pisa Dipartimento Sci Terra Via S Maria 53 I-56126 Pisa Italy;

Univ Camerino Scuola Sci &

Tecnol Via Gentile 3 Varano 1 I-62032 Camerino Italy;

Museo Hist Nat UNMSM Dept Paleontol Vertebrados Ave Arenales 1256 Lima 14 Peru;

Inst Royal Sci Nat Belgique DO Terre &

Hist Vie Rue Vautier 29 B-1000 Brussels Belgium;

Sorbonne Univ Museum Natl Hist Nat CNRS MNHN UPMC Dept Origines &

Evolut Ctr Rech Paleobiodivers &

Paleoenvionm CR2P Rue Buffon 8 F-75005 Paris France;

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1. Earliest Mysticete from the Late Eocene of Peru Sheds New Light on the Origin of Baleen Whales [J] . Lambert Olivier, Martianez-Caceres Manuel, Bianucci Giovanni, Current Biology: CB . 2017,第10期

机译：最早从秘鲁后期的神秘猎犬揭示了Bealeen Whales的起源
2. Earliest Mysticete from the Late Eocene of Peru Sheds New Light on the Origin of Baleen Whales [J] . Current Biology: CB . 2017,第10期

机译：最早从秘鲁后期的神秘猎犬揭示了Bealeen Whales的起源
3. Mystacodon selenensis, the earliest known toothed mysticete (Cetacea, Mammalia) from the late Eocene of Peru: anatomy, phylogeny, and feeding adaptations [J] . MUIZON Christian de, BIANUCCI Giovanni, MARTíNEZ-CáCERES Manuel, Geodiversitas . 2019,第11期

机译：Mystacodon selenensis，秘鲁始新世晚期已知的带齿的神秘动物（鲸目科动物，哺乳动物）：解剖学，系统发育和摄食适应
4. COMPREHENSIVE STUDY ON HYDROXYLATED POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS IN THE BLOOD OF CETACEANS, INCLUDING TOOTHED WHALES AND BALEEN WHALES STRANDED AT THE JAPANESE COAST [C] . Nomiyama K, Murata S, Kunisue T, International symposium on halogenated persistent organic pollutants . 2009

机译：鲸类血液中羟化多氯联苯的综合研究，包括日本海岸上ST杂的鲸鱼和巴林鲸鱼
5. Shedding Light on the Evolutionary Origins of Holometabolous Lens Evolution [D] . Stahl, Aaron L. 2017

机译：阐明全代谢晶状体进化的进化起源
6. A bizarre new toothed mysticete (Cetacea) from Australia and the early evolution of baleen whales [O] . Erich M.G Fitzgerald 2006

机译：来自澳大利亚的一种奇异的新的齿状神秘动物（鲸类）和须鲸的早期进化
7. Mystacodon selenensis, the earliest known toothed mysticete (Cetacea, Mammalia) from the late Eocene of Peru: anatomy, phylogeny, and feeding adaptations [O] . Christian de Muizon, Giovanni Bianucci, Manuel Martínez-Cáceres, 2019

机译：Mystacodon Selenensis是来自秘鲁的后期何种eocene的最早已知的齿状的神秘物（Cetacea，哺乳动物）：解剖学，系统发育和喂养适应性
8. Lunar Exploration and Survival. An Examination of the Major Theories of Lunar Surface Origin in the Light of Recent Probe Data as Related to Exploration and Survival Problems in the Post-APOLLO Period [R] . Green, J. 1966

机译：月球探险与生存。从近期探测数据看apaLO后期探测和生存问题对月球表面成因主要理论的考察

Earliest Mysticete from the Late Eocene of Peru Sheds New Light on the Origin of Baleen Whales

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