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A Normalization Mechanism for Estimating Visual Motion across Speeds and Scales

机译：估算速度和尺度视觉运动的归一化机制

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摘要

Interacting with the natural environment leads to complex stimulations of our senses. Here we focus on the estimation of visual speed, a critical source of information for the survival of many animal species as theymonitor moving prey or approaching dangers. In mammals, and in particular in primates, speed information is conceived to be represented by a set of channels sensitive to different spatial and temporal characteristics of the optic flow [1-5]. However, it is still largely unknown how the brain accurately infers the speed of complex natural scenes from this set of spatiotemporal channels [6-14]. As complex stimuli, we chose a set of well-controlled moving naturalistic textures called "compound motion clouds'' (CMCs) [15, 16] that simultaneously activate multiple spatiotemporal channels. We found that CMC stimuli that have the same physical speed are perceived moving at different speeds depending on which channel combinations are activated. We developed a computational model demonstrating that the activity in a given channel is both boosted and weakened after a systematic pattern over neighboring channels. This pattern of interactions can be understood as a combination of two components oriented in speed (consistent with a slow-speed prior) and scale (sharpening of similar features). Interestingly, the interaction along scale implements a lateral inhibition mechanism, a canonical principle that hitherto was found to operate mainly in early sensory processing. Overall, the speed-scale normalization mechanism may reflect the natural tendency of the visual system to integrate complex inputs into one coherent percept.
机译：与自然环境的互动导致我们感官的复杂刺激。在这里，我们专注于视觉速度的估计，这是许多动物物种作为它们移动猎物或接近危险的批判性信息来源。在哺乳动物中，特别地，在灵长类动物中，构思速度信息由对光学流的不同空间和时间特性敏感的一组通道表示[1-5]。然而，它仍然很大程度上是未知大脑如何准确地在这套时空通道中准确地感知复杂的自然场景[6-14]。作为复杂的刺激，我们选择了一套称为“复合运动云”（CMC）（CMC）[15,16]的良好控制的移动自然主义纹理，其同时激活多个时空通道。我们发现具有相同物理速度的CMC刺激根据激活的频道组合以不同的速度移动。我们开发了一种计算模型，证明给定通道中的活动在邻近频道的系统模式之后均升高和削弱。这种相互作用模式可以被理解为两个以速度为导向的组件（与慢速先前）和刻度（类似特征的锐化）。有趣的是，沿着规模的相互作用实现横向抑制机制，发现迄今为止主要在早期感官加工中运行的规范原理。总体而言，速度级归一化机制可以反映视觉系统整合COMP的自然趋势LEX投入到一个连贯的感染。

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  • 来源
    《Current Biology: CB》 |2017年第10期|共10页
  • 作者

    Gekas Nikos; Meso Andrew I.; Masson Guillaume S.; Mamassian Pascal;

  • 作者单位

    PSL Res Univ CNRS Ecole Normale Super Lab Syst Perceptifs Dept Etud Cognit 29 Rue Ulm F-75005 Paris France;

    Bournemouth Univ Fac Sci &

    Technol Psychol &

    Interdisciplinary Neurosci Res Poole BH12 5BB Dorset England;

    Aix Marseille Univ CNRS Inst Neurosci Timone UMR 7289 F-13005 Marseille France;

    PSL Res Univ CNRS Ecole Normale Super Lab Syst Perceptifs Dept Etud Cognit 29 Rue Ulm F-75005 Paris France;

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  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 生物科学;
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