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首页> 外文期刊>Acta Horticulturae >Genetic determinism of flowering regularity overyears in an apple multi-family population
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Genetic determinism of flowering regularity overyears in an apple multi-family population

机译：苹果多家族人口中开花规律过度的遗传确定主义

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Irregular flowering over years is commonly observed in fruit trees and is assumed to be, at least partly, under genetic control. This study aimed at predicting genotype flowering behaviours and at detecting QTL associated to regularity, in a multi-family apple tree population. Successions of vegetative and floral annual shoots (AS) were observed along axes in trees belonging to five apple related full-sib families, observed at two experimental sites. Sequences were analysed using Markovian and linearmixed models including year and site effects. Indices of flowering regularity, periodicity and synchronicity were estimated, at tree and axis scales. First indices were derived from the biennial bearing index (BBI). A second index was the auto-regressive correlation coefficient between flowering in consecutive years. A third index quantified the synchronicity of meristems within the trees through the measure of differences in the predictability of flowering over years, from a probabilistic viewpoint. These three types of indices were used to predict tree behaviour and to detect QTL with a Bayesian pedigree-based analysis, using an integrated genetic map containing 6,849 SNPs. The combination of the three indices efficiently predicted and classified the genotype behaviours despite few miss-classifications. Four common QTLs for BBIs and auto-regressive coefficient were highlighted (on LG4, 5, 8 and 10) and one for synchronicity (on LG9) in the integrated multi-family map, thus revealing the complex genetic architecture of the considered traits. This study proposes a posteriori sampling of axes within trees as a relevant and time-saving method to estimate tree flowering behaviours. Coupled to appropriate statistical indices, it is efficient to evaluatethe tree breeding values for flowering regularity. In apple tree, biennial bearing appeared to result from high AS synchronism in flowering i.e., with all axes alternatively flowering or not in a given year, whereas regularity resulted from either asynchronous alternating or regular flowering of AS.
机译：在果树中通常观察到多年的不规则开花，并且假设至少部分地在遗传控制下。该研究旨在预测基因型开花行为，并在多族苹果树人群中检测与规律相关的QTL。在两个实验遗址观察到沿着属于五个苹果相关的全SIB家族的树木的轴观察营养和花卉年芽（AS）。使用Markovian和Linearmixed模型进行分析序列，包括年和现场效应。估计开花规律，周期性和同步性的索引，在树和轴尺度上估计。第一个指数来自两年轴承指数（BBI）。第二索引是连续花卉之间的自动回归相关系数。通过概率的观点，第三个指数通过缺陷的差异来量化树木内的分析的同步性。这三种类型的指数用于预测树行为，并使用含有6,849个SNP的综合遗传图谱来检测基于贝叶斯谱系的分析的QTL。尽管有很少的错过分类，但三个指数的组合有效地预测和分类了基因型行为。 BBIS和自动回归系数的四个常见QTL被突出显示（在LG4,5,8和10）中，一个用于集成的多族地图中的同步性（在LG9）中，从而揭示了所考虑的特征的复杂遗传架构。本研究提出了树木内轴的后验，作为估计树花行为的相关和节省时间。耦合到适当的统计指标，它有效地评估开花规律的树木繁殖值。在苹果树中，双年轴承似乎与开花中的同步一样高，并且所有轴在给定年份中开花，而是由异步交替或常规开花产生的规律性。

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