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首页> 外文期刊>Agricultural Systems >Transformation toward agricultural sustainability in New Zealand hill country pastoral landscapes
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Transformation toward agricultural sustainability in New Zealand hill country pastoral landscapes

机译：新西兰丘陵地区牧草景观向农业可持续性的转变

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A multi-stakeholder representative group was established to oversee a project examining the economic and environmental performance of a representative North Island hill country catchment farm at Whatawhata in the western Waikato region of New Zealand. The group included representation from landowners, government agencies and scientists. The group was facilitated through an action research approach incorporating three phases: (1) awareness; (2) forecasting; and (3) implementation. The group identified a set of goals and indicators relevant to achieving a well managed rural hill catchment The indicators were used to (a) assess the current state of the catchment farm in relation to the goals; (b) evaluate a range of strategies for improving system performance and (c) evaluate progress toward the goals following land use changes implemented within the catchment farm. Key issues for the group included the availability of data and the setting of appropriate performance benchmarks. From both economic and environmental points of view, the existing farm system was failing to meet the goals set by the management group. Key factors driving these outcomes included the physical and productivity limitations of the soil resource, poor livestock performance and poor water quality. A mixture of research observations, decision support models and expert stakeholder knowledge indicated scope for improving performance through forestry, riparian management, erosion control and livestock intensification options. Based on their evaluation of the forecasting results, the group developed a new land use plan, which depended on significant capital investment in land use and enterprise change. Subsequent monitoring of soils, vegetation, water quality, animal production and financial results over four years showed marked improvement in a number of key performance indicators. In particular, sediment and phosphorus loads and faecal coliform levels decreased rapidly, native forest fragments showed early signs of restoration, lamb and beef productivity increased and the per hectare financial returns of the pastoral component increased. Better matching of land use to land capability has led to short-term improvement in some aspects of the economic and environmental performance of the catchment farm. Progress toward a more sustainable agricultural system was achieved, but at a substantial cost for transformation of the biophysical system, which has implications for the wider sector.
机译：建立了一个由多方利益相关者组成的代表小组，以监督一个项目，该项目审查了新西兰怀卡托地区西部Whatawhata的一个具有代表性的北岛山丘国家集水农场的经济和环境绩效。该小组包括土地所有者，政府机构和科学家的代表。行动研究方法包括三个阶段，为该小组提供了便利： （2）预测; （3）实施。该小组确定了与实现良好管理的农村丘陵集水区有关的一系列目标和指标。这些指标用于（a）评估与目标相关的集水区农场的现状; （b）评估一系列改善系统性能的策略，以及（c）评估集水农场实施土地用途变更后实现目标的进度。该小组的关键问题包括数据的可用性和设定适当的性能基准。从经济和环境角度来看，现有的农场系统都无法实现管理小组设定的目标。导致这些结果的关键因素包括土壤资源的物理和生产力局限性，牲畜性能差和水质差。研究结果，决策支持模型和利益相关者专业知识的综合表明，通过林业，河岸管理，侵蚀控制和牲畜集约化选择可以提高绩效。基于对预测结果的评估，该小组制定了新的土地使用计划，该计划依赖于对土地使用和企业变更的大量资本投资。随后四年来对土壤，植被，水质，动物生产和财务结果的监测显示，许多关键绩效指标有了显着改善。特别是，沉积物和磷的负荷以及粪便大肠菌群的水平迅速下降，原始森林碎片显示出早期恢复的迹象，羔羊和牛肉的生产力提高了，牧区的每公顷经济收益增加了。土地利用与土地能力的更好匹配导致集水农场经济和环境绩效的某些方面有短期改善。在实现更可持续的农业系统方面取得了进展，但是生物物理系统的转型付出了巨大的代价，这对更广泛的部门产生了影响。

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