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Seasonal changes in starch content in pistachio organs as related to crop load

机译：与作物负荷相关的开心器官中淀粉含量的季节变化

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摘要

The alternate bearing in pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) results from inflorescence buds abscission differentiated on current season growth during the year of heavy crop. Inflorescence bud drop has been directly correlated with the presence of fruits on1-year shoot, and in particular with the kernel grow that acts as the major sink of nutrients. Experimental evidences suggest the involvement of competition between reproductive organs for the available resources. The annual carbohydrates storage was analysed in mature pistachio trees characterized by low, medium and high crop load (about 1, 7 and 11 kg tree1 of dry in-shell nuts). The experiment was carried out in 2013 in a commercial pistachio orchard, using 'Bianca' grafted onto P. terebinthus L. inSicily (Italy, 37°30' Lat N). Starch concentration was measured in sample tissues of trunk wood, current-year shoot, one-year-old and two-year-old shoots throughout the season from the dormancy phase (March) until the post-harvest period (September). During dormancy, the trunk represented the main storage organ having starch concentration ranging from 60 to 120 mg g 1 of dry weight, whereas the tissues of the other organs examined showed values below 20 mg g1 of dry weight. The deepest decrement of starch concentration after bud-break until bloom was observed in the trunk, whereas, starch concentration started increasing after the initial growth flush. The patterns of starch in the tissues varied according with the crop load; trees bearing the highestcrop load (11 kg treeJ) showed a constant starch concentration during the growing season, in contrast with the trees characterized by lower crop load values. Before the onset of dormancy, starch rapidly increased in all the shoots type and in the trunkwood and no effects of tree crop load were observed.
机译：PISTACHIO（Pistacia Vera L.）中的交替轴承由花序芽脱落产生的，对当前季节生长的沉重作物。花序芽下降与果实的存在直接相关，特别是核心成长，充当营养素的主要汇。实验证据表明，生殖器官之间的竞争参与可用资源。在成熟的开心果中分析了每年的碳水化合物储存，其特征在于低，中和高作物载荷（约1,7至11kg干燥壳体螺母的约1,7和11kg树）。该实验是在2013年在商业开心果果园进行的，使用“Bianca”嫁接到P. Terebinthus L. Inically（意大利，37°30'Atl N）。淀粉浓度在休眠期（3月）的全部季节（3月）左右的宿舍，一岁和两岁的枝条的样品组织中测量了淀粉浓度，直到收成后时期（9月）。在休眠期间，躯干代表了具有从60至120mg的干重的淀粉浓度的主储存器官，而其他器官的组织显示出低于20mg的干重的值。在躯干中观察到芽破裂后淀粉浓度的最深处递减，而初始生长冲洗后，淀粉浓度开始增加。组织中的淀粉样式因作物负荷而变化;轴承高负荷（11千克树木）的树木在生长季节期间显示出恒定的淀粉浓度，与树木为特征的较低的作物负荷值。在休眠开始之前，所有芽型和躯干迅速增加，在躯干中迅速增加，并且没有观察到树木作物负荷的影响。

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  • 来源
    《Acta Horticulturae》 |2018年第1229期|共6页
  • 作者

    F.P. Marra; A. Amico Roxas; G. Marino; T. Caruso;

  • 作者单位

    Department of Agricultural Food and Forest Sciences University of Palermo Palermo Italy;

    Department of Agricultural Food and Forest Sciences University of Palermo Palermo Italy;

    Department of Agricultural Food and Forest Sciences University of Palermo Palermo Italy;

    Department of Agricultural Food and Forest Sciences University of Palermo Palermo Italy;

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  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 园艺;
  • 关键词

    carbohydrates; shoots; kernel; crop load; Pistacia vera L.;

    机译：碳水化合物;芽;核;庄稼载荷;Pistacia Vera L.;

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