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首页> 外文期刊>Acta Horticulturae >Cytogenetic approaches enhance advanced breeding in woody ornamental species
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Cytogenetic approaches enhance advanced breeding in woody ornamental species

机译：细胞遗传学方法增强木质观赏物种的先进育种

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摘要

Molecular cytogenetic techniques are valuable tools to study chromosome structure and genome constitution and to perform gene mapping and visualization of chromosomal recombination. In woody ornamental species, which are often characterized by small genomes, small-sized chromosomes and low mitotic index in the tiny-to-handle roots, cytogenetic studies are hardly exploited. We developed the "SteamDrop" protocol, which enabled us to prepare high quality chromosome slides for several woody genera e.g.,Buxus, Hydrangea, Buddleja, Hibiscus and Rosa. Study of chromosome number and chromosome morphology, together with knowledge of genetic relationships between species, allowed us to create more straightforward breeding programs for these genera. We also successfully implemented genomic in situ hybridisation (GISH) in different woody ornamental species to prove the hybrid nature of offspring from interspecific crosses within Buddleja and Hibiscus. In addition, knowledge of the physical position of specific genes on chromosomes might promote more efficient breeding and selection. We optimised FISH and Tyramide-FISH on mitotic and pachytene chromosomes of roses. Several single-copy genes (1.1-3 kb) involved in abiotic and biotic stress resistance mechanisms were physically mapped on Rosa wichurana Crép. chromosomes 1,4 and 7 and genetically mapped on the genetic linkage groups. By this, an anchoring of genetic and physical maps was achieved. In the future, these results will facilitate to pyramid stressrelated genes in specific genotypes.
机译：分子细胞遗传学技术是研究染色体结构和基因组结构的有价值的工具，并进行基因映射和染色体重组的可视化。在木质装饰物种中，通常是小型基因组，小尺寸染色体和微小对手根部的低有丝分子指数，几乎没有利用细胞遗传学研究。我们开发了“SteamDrop”协议，使我们能够为几个木本属的高质量染色体幻灯片制备，例如Goody Genera，例如Buxus，绣球花，Buddleja，芙蓉和罗莎。研究染色体数量和染色体形态，与物种之间的遗传关系的知识，使我们能够为这些属创造更直接的繁殖计划。我们还成功地实施了不同木质装饰物种的原位杂交（GISH）的基因组，以证明来自Buddleja和Hibiscus的三角形过度的后代的混合性质。此外，对染色体上特定基因的物理位置的知识可能促进更有效的育种和选择。我们优化鱼类和含有玫瑰丝状腺炎染色体的鱼类和酪酰胺鱼。涉及非生物和生物胁迫抗性机制的几种单拷贝基因（1.1-3 kB）在RosaWichuranaCrép上物理映射。染色体1,4和7并遗传映射在遗传联系基团上。由此，实现了遗传和物理图的锚定。将来，这些结果将有助于在特定基因型中的金字塔浓度相关基因。

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