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首页> 外文期刊>Agricultural Systems >Crop protection in European maize-based cropping systems: Current practices and recommendations for innovative Integrated Pest Management
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Crop protection in European maize-based cropping systems: Current practices and recommendations for innovative Integrated Pest Management

机译：欧洲基于玉米的种植系统中的作物保护：创新虫害综合治理的现行做法和建议

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Maize-based cropping systems (MBCSs), with different frequency of maize in the crop sequence, are common in European arable systems. Pesticide use differs according to the type of active ingredients and target organisms in different regions. Within the EU Network of Excellence ENDURE, two expert-based surveys were conducted focusing on four European study regions where experts were asked to identify MBCSs in their region, determine the current crop protection practices, propose advanced practices against major pests, weeds and diseases, and evaluate the potential agronomic, environmental, economic and social impact of innovative Integrated Pest Management (IPM) tools on the sustainability of MBCSs. In the northern region (Denmark and The Netherlands), maize is mostly cultivated as non-irrigated continuous silage maize or rotated with grass, while in the central-eastern region the major systems are non-irrigated continuous grain maize (Tolna county, Hungary) or grain maize grown in rotation with winter wheat, oilseed rape and sunflower (Bekes county, Hungary). In the south-western (Ebro Valley, Spain) and southern (Po Valley, Italy) regions, continuous and irrigated grain maize, as well as irrigated grain and silage maize/winter wheat rotations are prevalent. Differences in current and proposed advanced crop protection practices for MBCSs were identified between regions due to specific pest, weed and disease problems. The tolerant/resistant non-GM maize cultivars, early detection methods, pest and disease forecasting models, precision/patch spraying using GPS spray maps and the community-based decisions through information sharing were commonly recommended for innovative IPM implementation in all regions. Deviations in the recommendations between regions were mainly caused by differences in the evaluation of economic or social impact of some tools (i.e. innovative mechanical weeding). Applied multi-disciplinary research and farmer incentives to encourage the adoption of innovative IPM strategies are essential for sustainable MBCSs development in Europe. The introduction of innovative tools into IPM strategies can contribute significantly to addressing the EU's strategic commitment to the sustainable use of pesticides and, consequently, more environmentally sustainable MBCSs
机译：在欧洲耕作系统中，玉米种植系统（MBCS）在玉米种植顺序上的频率不同。农药的使用根据不同地区的活性成分和目标生物的类型而有所不同。在欧盟卓越网络ENDURE中，针对四个欧洲研究区域进行了两次基于专家的调查，其中要求专家们确定其所在区域的MBCS，确定当前的作物保护措施，提出针对主要病虫害，杂草和疾病的先进措施，并评估创新的病虫害综合治理（IPM）工具对MBCS可持续性的潜在农学，环境，经济和社会影响。在北部地区（丹麦和荷兰），玉米大部分以非灌溉连续青贮玉米种植或与草一起轮作，而在中东部地区，主要系统为非灌溉连续谷物玉米（匈牙利的托尔纳县）或与冬小麦，油菜和向日葵轮作的谷物玉米（匈牙利贝克斯县）。在西南地区（西班牙埃布罗谷）和南部地区（意大利波谷），连续和灌溉谷物玉米以及灌溉谷物和青贮玉米/冬小麦轮作很普遍。由于特定的病虫害，杂草和疾病问题，在区域之间发现了目前和拟议的MBCS高级作物保护措施的差异。通常建议在所有地区创新地实施IPM，以耐受性/抗性的非转基因玉米品种，早期检测方法，病虫害预测模型，使用GPS喷雾图进行精确/斑块喷雾以及通过信息共享的社区决策。区域之间建议的差异主要是由于某些工具（即创新性机械除草）对经济或社会影响的评估差异所致。运用多学科研究和农民激励措施来鼓励采用创新的IPM战略，对于欧洲MBCS的可持续发展至关重要。在IPM战略中引入创新工具可以极大地有助于实现欧盟对农药可持续利用的战略承诺，从而在环境上更具可持续性的MBCS

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