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首页> 外文期刊>Acta Horticulturae >Using sensor-based control to optimize soil moisture availability and minimize leaching in commercial strawberry production in Spain
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Using sensor-based control to optimize soil moisture availability and minimize leaching in commercial strawberry production in Spain

机译：采用基于传感器的控制来优化土壤湿度可用性，最大限度地减少西班牙商业草莓生产中的浸出

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The major strawberry production area in Spain is centered in Huelva province (SW Spain), with over 7,500 ha cultivated with drip fertigation under plasticulture production. Research in 2015 greatly increased drip irrigation efficiency by pulsing short(15-20 min) irrigation events during the day, increasing yields by more than 20 g plant1, with an increased income of 1,300 € ha1. In 2016, we implemented an automated sensor-based control technology (Mayim, LLC; Pittsburgh, USA) to see if we could improve on these gains in efficiency. A sensor network was installed in November 2015 in two production tunnels, one to monitor the pulse irrigation events made by the grower, the other to implement sensor-based irrigation control. Soil moisture was monitored in each tunnel with three radio enabled data loggers (Em50R and nR5-DC, Meter-Group, Inc., Pullman, USA), each with 10HS soil moisture sensors (Meter-Group, Inc.) at 10 and 20 cm depths in the root zone. Sensor-controlled irrigation was initiated whenthe average soil volumetric water content (VWC) decreased below a set-point of 19%, which optimized VWC throughout the 35 cm bed depth. The nR5-DC node controlled irrigation events by opening and closing a 12V-DC latching solenoid (Netafim) via a relay on the node. Water applications in each tunnel were also monitored in real-time with flow meters (Zenner International GmbH & Co. KG, Saarbriicken, Germany). Additionally, soil matric potential (at 10 cm in the root zone) and electrical conductivity (EC)(at 35 cm for nutrient leaching) were monitored using MPS-6 and GS3 sensors (Meter-Group, Inc.), respectively. All sensor data were logged and transmitted to a computer and base station on the farm, which was connected to the internet via an air-card modem. All data were downloaded into a sophisticated graphical database program (Sensorweb~R, Mayim, LLC), which also allowed real-time communication with the control nodes to adjust irrigation events, if needed. The Sensorweb~R software provides micro-pulse (1-5 min) irrigation control capabilities, which further optimises irrigation water applications. During the 15 weeks of the study (January 27-May 11, 2016), pulse-irrigation applied 7,618 m3 ha1 of irrigation water in 2-5 pulses day1, compared to 3,141 m3 ha1 applied with sensor-based control (58.8% less water). Estimated crop water use (ETc) for this period was 2,954 m3 ha1. Sensor-controlled irrigation applied 110% of ETc vs. 261% for the pulse irrigation treatment during this period. During this time, root zone matric potential averaged less than -10 kPa in both treatments, with minimal leaching of salts below 35 cm for sensor-controlled irrigation.
机译：西班牙的主要草莓生产区是以培尔瓦省（SW西班牙）为中心的，拥有超过7,500公顷的血液生产下滴灌。 2015年的研究大大提高了滴灌效率，在白天脉冲短（15-20分钟）灌溉事件，增加了20％以上的产量1，收入增加了1,300欧元。 2016年，我们实施了一项基于自动传感器的控制技术（Mayim，LLC;美国匹兹堡，美国），看看我们是否可以提高这些收益。传感器网络于2015年11月安装在两个生产隧道中，一个用于监控种植者所做的脉冲灌溉事件，另一个用于实现基于传感器的灌溉控制。在每个隧道中监测土壤水分，其中包含三个无线电支持的数据记录器（EM50R和NR5-DC，Meter-Group，Inc.，USA），每种隧道（EM50R和NR5-DC，Meter-Group，USA），每个隧道都有10HS土壤湿度传感器（Meter-Group，Inc。），10和20根区域中的CM深度。传感器控制的灌溉在平均土壤容量水含量（VWC）下降到低于19％的设定点下降，在整个35厘米的床深度优化VWC。通过在节点上的继电器打开和关闭12V-DC锁定电磁阀（NetaFim），通过节点上的继电器进行NR5-DC节点控制灌溉事件。每个隧道中的水应用也与流量计（Zenner International GmbH＆Co.KG，德国萨尔布里康）实时监测。另外，使用MPS-6和GS3传感器（Meter-Group，Inc.）监测土壤原始电位（根区中的10厘米）和电导率（EC）（营养浸出的35厘米）。所有传感器数据都被记录并传输到农场上的计算机和基站，通过空气卡调制解调器连接到Internet。将所有数据下载到复杂的图形数据库程序（SensorWeb〜R，Mayim，LLC）中，该程序还允许与控制节点进行实时通信，以便在需要时调整灌溉事件。 SensorWeb〜R软件提供微脉冲（1-5分钟）灌溉控制能力，进一步优化灌溉水应用。在研究的15周（2016年1月27日至2016年5月11日）中，脉冲灌溉在2-5个脉冲Day1中施加7,618 M3 Ha1，而31,141M3 Ha1施用，施用了基于传感器的控制（58.8％的水） ）。该期间的估计作物用水（ETC）为2,954 m3 ha1。传感器控制的灌溉在此期间施加110％的ETC与脉冲灌溉治疗的261％。在此期间，两种治疗中的根区Matric电位平均小于-10kPa，盐的最小浸出在35厘米以下，用于传感器控制的灌溉。

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