An evolutionary platform for alternate bearing in fruit trees

E.E. Goldschmidt

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An evolutionary platform for alternate bearing in fruit trees

机译：果树中交替轴承的进化平台

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Alternate bearing has been and still is a major problem in fruit trees. From the point of view of a horticulturist it is a tree productivity syndrome which must be addressed by agro-technical means in order to eliminate or, at least, mitigate the alternation cycle. 'Masting' is a widespread forest tree irregular sexual reproduction pattern that has attracted ecologists who wonder about the survival-advantage of this behavior. From an evolutionary perspective alternate bearing and masting seem to be related and may share a common bio-evolutionary mechanism, responsible for 'yield alternation'. A recently developed resource budget model, based on nonlinear chaos dynamics, seems to account for a broad spectrum of yield alternation patterns. From an evolutionary standpoint, one may envision a domestication-evolutionary continuum from extreme masting, through intermediate alternate bearing, down to regular yield of fully-managed fruit trees. Domestication records of pecan (Carya illinoiensis) support this hypothesis. The alternate bearing of fruit trees appears to be mediated by a 'fruit overload' signal but resource depletion still plays a critical role in the alternate bearing of numerous tree crops.

机译：替代轴承已经且仍然是果树的主要问题。从园艺师的角度来看，它是一种树生产率综合征，必须通过农业技术手段来解决，以便消除或至少减轻交替循环。 “桅杆”是一种广泛的森林树，性生殖模式不规则的性繁殖模式，吸引了生态学家，他想知道这种行为的生存 - 优势。从进化的透视替代轴承和桅杆似乎有相关的，可能分享一个常见的生物进化机制，负责“产量交替”。基于非线性混沌动力学的最近开发的资源预算模型似乎考虑了广泛的产量交替模式。从进化的角度来看，一个人可以通过中间交替轴承来设想从极端桅杆的驯化进化的连续体，以常规的果树的常规产量为单位。山核桃（Carya Illinoiensis）的驯化记录支持这一假设。果树的替代轴承似乎是由“果实过载”信号介导的，但资源耗尽仍然在众多树木作物的交替轴承中发挥着关键作用。

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来源
《Acta Horticulturae》 |2018年第1229期|共7页
作者
E.E. Goldschmidt;
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作者单位

The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Faculty of Agriculture Food and Environment Israel;

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原文格式 PDF
正文语种 eng
中图分类园艺;
关键词
masting; resource budget model; evolutionary continuum; domestication;

机译：桅杆;资源预算模型;进化的连续统一体;驯化;

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专利

1. An evolutionary platform for alternate bearing in fruit trees [J] . E.E. Goldschmidt Acta Horticulturae . 2018,第1229期

机译：果树中交替轴承的进化平台
2. Effects of intentional alternate bearing methods on tree growth, yield and fruit quality in young tree of 'Aoshima unshiu' satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc.) [Japanese] [J] . Miyata A, Hashimoto K 园芸学会杂志 . 2002,第6期

机译：故意交替轴承方法对'Ashima Unshiu'Atsuma普通话的幼树树生长，产量和果实质量（柑橘Unshiu Marc。）[日文]
3. Humic Acid and Boron to Minimize the Incidence of Alternate Bearing and Improve the Productivity and Fruit Quality of Mango Trees [J] . El-Hoseiny Hanan M., Helaly Mohamed N., Elsheery Nabil I, HortScience . 2020,第7期

机译：腐殖酸和硼最小化交替轴承的发生率，提高芒果树的生产率和果实品质
4. Modelling temporal variation of parameters used in two photosynthesis models: Influence of fruit load and girdling in fruit bearing branches of apple trees [C] . Magalie Poirier-Pocovi, Gerhard Buck-Sorlin 2016 IEEE International Conference on Functional-Structural Plant Growth Modeling, Simulation, Visualization and Applications . 2016

机译：对两个光合作用模型中使用的参数的时间变化进行建模：苹果树上有果实的树枝中的果实负载和环剥的影响
5. The role and function of fruit trees and fruit tree-based agroforestry systems in a highland watershed in northern Thailand. [D] . Withrow-Robinson, Bradford Alan. 2001

机译：在泰国北部的高地流域，果树和果树农林业系统的作用和功能。
6. Modeling of Individual Fruit-Bearing Capacity of Trees Is Aimed at Optimizing Fruit Quality of Malus x domestica Borkh. ‘Gala’ [O] . Martin Penzel, Werner B. Herppich, Cornelia Weltzien, 2021

机译：树木各种果实容量的建模旨在优化Malus x Domestica Borkh的果实品质。节日
7. A Sure way to order bees and fruit-trees, or, A compleat bee-master : shewing, I. The way to manage and encrease them. A platform for a bee-hive. What food ought to be propagated about the bee-houses. To raise large stocks of bees. Their errors that kill the drone-bees. II. To keep sheep and horses from from all diseases. III. Divers receipts in physick, and how every man may be his own doctor at small charge. IV. Directions for managing fruit-trees, c. so that they shall never fail bearing fruit. [O] . John Worlidge 1726

机译：订购蜜蜂和果树的肯定方法，或者是一个令人作呕的蜜蜂：鞋子，一。管理和加密它们的方式。一个蜜蜂蜂巢的平台。什么食物应该宣传蜜蜂房屋。筹集大量蜜蜂。他们杀死无人机蜜蜂的错误。 II。将绵羊和马从所有疾病中饲养。 III。物理潜水员的收据，以及每个人如何成为他自己的医生。 IV。管理水果树的方向和c。所以他们永远不会失败轴承水果。
8. Analysis of Specialized Pesticide Problems Invertebrate Control Agents - Efficacy Test Methods Volume Ⅰ. Foliar Treatments Ⅰ(Deciduous Fruit Trees, Small Fruits, Citrus & Subtropical Fruits, Tree Nuts) [R] . Glenn Carman, Angus Howitt, Robert Horsburgh 1977

机译：无脊椎动物控制剂专业农药问题分析 - 功效试验方法Ⅰ。叶面处理Ⅰ（落叶果树，小果实，柑橘和亚热带水果，树坚果）

An evolutionary platform for alternate bearing in fruit trees

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