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首页> 外文期刊>Acta Horticulturae >Effects of crop rotation, anaerobic soil disinfestation, and mustard seed meal on disease severity and organic strawberry production in California
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Effects of crop rotation, anaerobic soil disinfestation, and mustard seed meal on disease severity and organic strawberry production in California

机译：作物旋转，厌氧土壤消防和芥末种子膳食对加利福尼亚州疾病严重程度和有机草莓生产的影响

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摘要

We report on an experiment comparing two and four-year organic crop rotations, with either lettuce or broccoli as the main rotation crop, and use of anaerobic soil disinfestation (ASD) or mustard seed meal (MSM) for soil-borne disease suppression in strawberry production. Strawberries were planted every other year in rotation with lettuce (let 2 year) or broccoli (ftr 2 year), and every fourth year in rotation with broccoli-lettuce/cauliflower-broccoli (6r4year) or lettuce-broccoli-lettuce (/er4year). Each rotation included four fertility/disease management approaches: 1) bare winter fallow + fertigation for strawberry (ft/); 2) winter legume/cereal cover crop before vegetables and ASD prior to strawberry planting and subsequent fertigation (cc); 3)same as for cc except with supplemental compost and organic fertilizer added annually (cc + c+ f); and 4) a cereal rye cover crop and m added prior to vegetable and strawberry planting [msm). Strawberry yields and wilt severity were monitored for each crop, and in year 6 (2017) pathogen levels in strawberry crowns were assessed using real-time qPCR. In all three years when strawberries were grown, yields were negatively related to the severity of wilt symptoms, and in year 4 (all rotations) and year 6(2-year rotation) yields were higher in the br than the let rotations. In year 4, a positive effect of ASD was found in 2-year but not 4-year treatments, and in year six, highest yields were in the ASD treatments and lowest yields in the ft/and msm treatments and let rotations. The main pathogen present was Verticillium dahliae, which was significantly reduced by the br rotations and ASD. In year 6, crown infection with V. dahliae was lower in br than let 2-year rotations. Rotation with broccoli and ASDshow promise for reducing V. dahliae in organic strawberry production.
机译：我们报告了两年和四年有机作物旋转的实验，莴苣或西兰花作为主要旋转作物，以及使用厌氧土壤消毒（ASD）或芥末籽粕（MSM）在草莓中的土壤传播疾病抑制生产。每隔一年种植草莓，用生菜（让2年）或西兰花（FTR 2年），以及每四年与西兰花 - 生菜/花椰菜 - 西兰花（6r4年）或莴苣 - 西兰花 - 生菜（/ er4 year）旋转。每次旋转都包括四种生育/疾病管理方法：1）裸露冬季休耕+对草莓（FT /）灌溉; 2）冬季豆类/谷物覆盖蔬菜和ASD在草莓种植和随后施肥之前的作物（CC）; 3）除了每年添加补充堆肥和有机肥料的CC相同（CC + C + F）; 4）谷物黑麦覆盖作物和植物在蔬菜和草莓种植之前添加[MSM）。针对每种作物监测草莓产量和枯萎的严重程度，使用实时QPCR评估草莓冠的6（2017年）的病原体水平。在三年内，草莓生长时，产量与枯萎病症的严重程度呈负相关，并且在4年（所有旋转）和6年龄（2年旋转）产量比放开旋转更高。 4年级，ASD的积极效果在2年而不是4年的治疗中发现，并且在六年中，最高产量在ASD治疗中，并且FT / MSM治疗中的最低产量并让旋转。呈现的主要病原体是黄藻苷，由Br旋转和ASD显着降低。 6年级，在BR中的V. Dahliae的皇冠感染比让2年的轮换更低。用西兰花和Asdshow旋转，以减少有机草莓生产中的V. Dahliae。

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