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首页> 外文期刊>Acta Horticulturae >The L-ALMOND model: a functional-structural virtual tree model of almond tree architectural growth, carbohydrate dynamics over multiple years
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The L-ALMOND model: a functional-structural virtual tree model of almond tree architectural growth, carbohydrate dynamics over multiple years

机译：L-Almond模型：杏仁树架构生长的功能 - 结构虚拟树模型，多年来碳水化合物动力学

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More than two decades of modelling research resulted in the L-PEACH model which used L-systems to simultaneously simulate the architectural development and carbohydrate dynamics (assimilation, transport, distribution, storage and remobilization) of growing peach trees. L-PEACH combined the supply/demand concepts of carbon allocation of a previous PEACH model with an L-systems model of tree architecture to create a distributed supply/demand system of carbon allocation in a three dimensional, growing,virtual tree. The L-PEACH model was expressed in terms of modules that represent plant organs. Organs were represented as a set of elementary sources and sinks for carbohydrates and the whole plant was modeled as a branching network of modules (i.e. organs) connected by conductive elements. A primary objective of the current research was to demonstrate the versatility of the L-systems-based modular approach for modeling fruit trees by converting the L-PEACH model to an L-ALMOND model. To do this initially required merely substituting the peach parameters for each of the different organ types (modules) with values appropriate for almond, based on data from previous experiments. However, the L-PEACH model accommodated manual pruning of simulated trees and pruning was always practiced when simulating tree growth over multiple years. This resulted in substantial reduction in tree (and L-string) complexity after each pruning when running the L-PEACH model. Since almond trees are rarely pruned much after the 2nd year in an orchard, simulation of almond tree growth without pruning resulted in unrealistically dense simulated canopies, and exponentially increased L-string complexity with time and unsatisfactory rates of virtual tree simulation. To overcome this, a function for simulating stem/spur mortality based on within-canopy shading was developed. The current L-ALMOND model is able to successfully simulate almond tree growth and development and produce realistic estimates of tree size, structure and productivity over seven years after initial planting.
机译：超过二十年的建模研究导致了利用L-Systems的L-Peach模型，同时模拟生长桃树的建筑发育和碳水化合物动力学（同化，运输，分配，储存和重组）。 L-PEACH将先前桃模型的碳分配的供应/需求概念与树架构的L-Systems模型组合，以在三维，生长的虚拟树中创建分布式供应/需求系统的碳分配。 L-Peach模型以代表植物器官的模块表示。器官被代表为一组基本源，碳水化合物的水槽，整个植物被建模为由导电元件连接的模块（即器官）的分支网络。目前研究的主要目的是展示通过将L-Peach模型转换为L-Almond模型来模拟果树的L-Systems的模块化方法的多功能性。为了执行此目的，仅需要对每个不同器官类型（模块）的桃参数仅用适用于杏仁的值，基于先前实验的数据。然而，L-PEACH模型适用于模拟树木的手动修剪，在多年来模拟树增长时始终练习修剪。在运行L-Peach模型时，在每个修剪后，这导致树（和L串）复杂性大幅减少。由于在果园的第二年后杏仁树很少修剪，因此在没有修剪的情况下仿真杏仁树的生长导致了不切实际的致密模拟檐篷，并且随着时间和不令人满意的虚拟树仿真速率指数增加的L字符串复杂性。为了克服这一点，开发了一种基于在冠层内遮阳的模拟茎/刺的定量的功能。目前的L-Almond模型能够成功模拟杏树的增长和开发，并在初始种植后七年内生产树尺寸，结构和生产率的现实估计。

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