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首页> 外文期刊>Acta Horticulturae >Is copper fungicide that bad?
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Is copper fungicide that bad?

机译：铜杀菌剂是坏吗？

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Downy mildew is one of the most important and severe diseases for greenhouse horticultural products. For disease control copper-based fungicides are the most effective and used active ingredients in both conventional and organic pest management. Copper (Cu) use is being limited and its reduction becomes one of the main principles of organic production. This study is focused on the characterization methods to assess copper compound's toxicity on agricultural systems in the frame of Life Cycle Assessment. USEtox model has been used to calculate Comparative Toxicity Potentials (CTPs) for freshwater ecotoxicity, linking emissions to impacts through fate, exposure and effects. The ecotoxicological impacts of 8 different fungicides for downy mildew control were estimated in two different geographic scales: global default values and Europe. The resulting CTPs showed up to 2 orders of magnitude of variation across all active ingredients in both geographic scales. Chlorothalonil had the highest and Cymoxanil had the lowest CTP in both scales. Comparing the two landscapes CTPs, the organic active ingredients had similar values, making spatial differentiation less influential. However, in the case of Azoxystrobin, Captan and Cu, European CTPs were higher ataround one order of magnitude. Cu ranked third among the eight fungicides in default landscape, while in the European ranked sixth, making differentiation according to water archetypes potentially relevant. These results show that Cu toxicity depends mainly on its capacity to interact with the surrounding environment (pH, temperature, humidity, etc.), and the dynamics of this interaction (speciation). These results represent a better approximation to estimate copper toxicity, which may help the decisionprocess on the use of copper fungicides, even though we recommend to deepen the assessment of the interactions with the emission site conditions. Therefore, a new model framework that takes into account the specific geographic distributions is needed.
机译：霜霉病是温室园艺产品中最重要和最严重的疾病之一。对于疾病，铜基杀菌剂是常规和有机害虫管理中最有效和使用的活性成分。铜（Cu）使用是有限的，其还原成为有机生产的主要原理之一。本研究专注于评估生命周期评估框架中铜化合物对农业系统毒性的特征方法。 USETOX模型已被用于计算对淡水生态毒性的比较毒性潜力（CTPS），通过命运，接触和效果将排放连接到撞击。 8种不同杀真菌剂对霜霉病控制的生态毒理学影响估计在两个不同的地理尺度：全球默认值和欧洲。所得到的CTP在两个地理尺度中的所有活性成分中显示出高达2个变化级。氯洛尼尼尔拥有最高，Cymoxanil在两个尺度中具有最低的CTP。比较两个景观CTP，有机活性成分具有相似的值，使空间分化不太有影响力。然而，在含氮氧基林，Captan和Cu的情况下，欧洲CTP较高一级。 Cu在违约景观中排名第三，而在欧洲排名第六，根据水原型潜在相关的水分。这些结果表明，Cu毒性主要取决于其与周围环境（pH，温度，湿度等）相互作用的能力和这种相互作用（形态）的动态。这些结果表示估计铜毒性的更好近似，这可能有助于决策处理铜杀菌剂，即使我们建议加深与排放地点条件的相互作用的评估。因此，需要考虑特定地理分布的新模型框架。

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