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首页> 外文期刊>Agricultural Water Management >Simulation of potato yield, nitrate leaching, and profit margins as influenced by irrigation and nitrogen management in different soils and production regions
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Simulation of potato yield, nitrate leaching, and profit margins as influenced by irrigation and nitrogen management in different soils and production regions

机译：在不同土壤和产地，模拟灌溉和施氮对马铃薯产量，硝酸盐淋失和利润率的影响

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The Columbia Basin in the Pacific Northwest is a highly productive area for potatoes in the United States. Here, nitrate is the most frequently documented groundwater contaminant, and the challenge of maximizing crop productivity while minimizing the nitrate pollution still remains. This study assessed the responses of tuber yield, nitrate leaching, and profit margin to irrigation water amount, irrigation interval, nitrogen application rate, and soil type using 30 years of historical weather data and two representative soils in three locations of this region. A potato model was used to simulate the response variables for a total of 7500 scenarios (5 irrigation intervals x 5 irrigation amounts x 5 nitrogen rates x 2 soil types x 30 years) for each location. The results showed that nitrate leaching was greater with a larger irrigation, a longer irrigation interval, a higher nitrogen rate, and a lighter soil. Tuber yield was larger with a smaller irrigation, a higher nitrogen rate, and a heavier soil. Profit margin was larger with a smaller irrigation and a heavier soil. The optimum amount of irrigation water for the study region was 400 mm, at which both tuber yields and profit margins were the largest with the nitrogen application rate of 336 kg ha(-1). The increase in leaching with a larger irrigation was smaller for a longer irrigation interval and a lighter soil but larger for a higher nitrogen rate. These findings might be helpful to potato growers in this region in identifying irrigation and nitrogen application rates aimed toward maximizing yields and profits while minimizing the nitrate contamination of groundwater. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
机译：西北太平洋地区的哥伦比亚盆地是美国马铃薯的高产区。在这里，硝酸盐是最常被记录的地下水污染物，在最大程度地降低作物硝酸盐污染的同时，仍然面临着最大的挑战。这项研究使用了30年的历史天气数据和该地区三个地点的两种代表性土壤，评估了块茎产量，硝酸盐淋失和利润率对灌溉水量，灌溉间隔，施氮量和土壤类型的响应。使用马铃薯模型来模拟每个位置的总共7500种情景（5个灌溉间隔x 5个灌溉量x 5个氮肥浓度x 2个土壤类型x 30年）的响应变量。结果表明，随着灌溉量的增加，灌溉间隔时间的延长，氮素含量的增加以及土壤的重量减轻，硝酸盐的淋溶量增加。块茎产量较高，灌溉量较小，氮含量较高且土壤较重。灌溉量较小且土壤较重时，利润率更大。研究区域的最佳灌溉水量为400 mm，在该处，块茎产量和利润率最大，施氮量为336 kg ha（-1）。较长的灌溉间隔和较轻的土壤，较大灌溉的淋溶增加较小，而较高的氮素水平则较大。这些发现可能有助于该地区的马铃薯种植者确定灌溉和施氮量，以最大程度地提高产量和利润，同时最大程度减少地下水的硝酸盐污染。 （C）2016 Elsevier B.V.保留所有权利。

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