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Understanding and managing groundwater and salinity in a tropical conjunctive water use irrigation district

机译：了解和管理热带混合用水灌溉区的地下水和盐分

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Agricultural production around the world is increasingly being constrained by hydrological factors--such as over-extraction of groundwater in some locations, rising water tables in others, and worsening groundwater quality in general. One such area is the Lower Burdekin irrigation area in northern tropical Australia, where rising watertable levels and increasing salinity concentrations within alluvial deposits are causing concern. The aim of this study was to improve understanding of the processes driving trends in groundwater quantity and quality in Mona Park, a conjunctive water use irrigation district in the Lower Burdekin. The analysis is intended to enable land and water managers to explore alternative policy and management practices to help support the reversal in current trends, and to improve water table conditions in terms of both water quantity and quality. Key lessons that are applicable to the development of new irrigation schemes in wet-dry tropical regions elsewhere in the world are emphasised. This study demonstrated that simple qualitative methods that link historical developments and observed climatic and hydrological trends can support development of a robust understanding of groundwater behaviour. The results showed that to minimise groundwater accessions in wet-dry tropical regions, a large soil water deficit should be maintained in the unsaturated zone prior to the onset of the wet season to buffer against potentially large wet season recharge events, and that this strategy should be implemented from when irrigation is first commenced. It is very clear that groundwater systems under or down gradient from irrigated areas need to be managed adaptively, such that: (1) timely decisions are made in response to changes in watertable level and groundwater quality; and (2) suitable mechanisms are in place to ensure farmers have the financial incentives and flexibility to respond in the short-term. The work also demonstrated that the establishment of good baseline data prior to irrigation development, and long-term analysis (>30 years) involving various combinations of wet and dry periods, are required in order to build a comprehensive understanding of potential groundwater behaviour and adaptive management needs.
机译：世界各地的农业生产正越来越受到水文因素的限制，例如某些地区地下水的过度开采，其他地区地下水位的升高以及总体上地下水质量的恶化。一个这样的地区是澳大利亚北部热带地区的下布尔德金灌溉区，那里的地下水位上升和冲积矿床中盐分浓度的增加引起了人们的关注。这项研究的目的是增进对下Burdekin的联合用水灌溉区Mona公园中地下水数量和质量趋势驱动过程的了解。该分析旨在使土地和水管理者能够探索替代政策和管理方法，以帮助支持当前趋势的逆转，并从水量和水质方面改善地下水位条件。强调了适用于世界其他地方的干湿热带地区开发新灌溉计划的重要经验教训。这项研究表明，将历史发展与观测到的气候和水文趋势联系起来的简单定性方法可以支持对地下水行为的深入了解。结果表明，为尽量减少湿润热带地区的地下水入渗，应在湿季开始之前在非饱和区保持较大的土壤缺水量，以缓冲潜在的大型湿季补给事件，因此该策略应从首次开始灌溉时开始实施。很明显，需要对灌溉区以下或下降的地下水系统进行适应性管理，以便：（1）根据地下水位和地下水水质的变化及时做出决策; （2）适当的机制到位，以确保农民有经济动机和灵活性，可以在短期内做出反应。这项工作还表明，在灌溉发展之前要建立良好的基线数据，并需要进行长期分析（> 30年），涉及湿，旱期的各种组合，以便对潜在的地下水行为和适应性问题有一个全面的了解。管理需求。

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