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Subsurface drip irrigation and reclaimed water quality effects on phosphorus and salinity distribution and forage production

机译：地下滴灌和再生水质量对磷，盐分分布和牧草生产的影响

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In the Canary Islands, water scarcity is one of the constraints for agricultural activity. Non-conventional water resources generally represent more water volume than conventional ones. The distribution of these resources frequently permits the possibility of a conjunctive use of desalinated (DW) water and reclaimed municipal wastewater (RW). Field testing with both water qualities and different irrigation systems is necessary for optimal site-specific management. The objective of this work was to evaluate soil salinity and phosphorus distribution, and alfalfa yield in a 20 month field experiment carried out in the island of Gran Canaria, using municipal RW and freshwater (FW) under subsurface drip irrigation (SDI). Phosphorus speciation was performed both in irrigation waters and in soils (Olsen's inorganic, organic, and microbial). RW had large EC values (2.4dSm super(-) super(1)) with a remarkable nutrient load contribution and an average total P around 3mgL super(-) super(1), predominantly hydrolysable forms, while FW had very low salinity and negligible amounts of P. For the RW treatment a salt gradient was established, causing plant mortality between the irrigation lines. The study of P speciation allows describing P distribution and plant uptake in terms of P forms. Large values of microbial P were produced for the two irrigation waters around the emitters, especially for FW. A faster P-cycling could have contributed to the significantly larger inorganic P contents observed in FW irrigated soils, in spite no external sources were added by the irrigation water.
机译：在加那利群岛，缺水是农业活动的制约因素之一。非常规水资源通常比常规水资源占更多的水量。这些资源的分配经常允许同时使用淡化（DW）水和再生的城市废水（RW）。为了优化针对特定地点的管理，必须对水质和不同灌溉系统进行现场测试。这项工作的目的是在地下加的滴灌（SDI）下使用市政用水和淡水（FW）在大加那利岛进行的20个月的田间试验中，评估土壤盐分和磷的分布以及苜蓿的产量。在灌溉用水和土壤（奥尔森的无机，有机和微生物）中都进行了磷形态分析。 RW具有较大的EC值（2.4dSm super（-）super（1）），具有显着的营养负荷贡献，平均总P约为3mgL super（-）super（1），主要为可水解形式，而FW的盐度非常低， P的量可以忽略不计。对于RW处理，建立了盐梯度，从而导致灌溉线之间的植物死亡。对磷形态的研究可以用磷形式描述磷的分布和植物的吸收。喷头周围的两个灌溉水产生了大量的微生物P，特别是对于FW。尽管在灌溉水中未添加任何外部来源，但更快的P循环可能有助于在FW灌溉土壤中观察到的无机P含量明显增加。

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