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Instantaneous and Repeatable Self-Healing of Fully Metallic Electrodes at Ambient Conditions

机译：环境条件下全金属电极的瞬时和可重复的自愈

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摘要

Recent approaches in self-healable electrodes use polymers with exhibiting significantly low electrical conductivity, compared to conventional metals. Such self-healable electrodes also require external stimuli to initiate self-healing, or present slow restoration for their intrinsic healing. Herein, we introduce an instantaneous and repeatable self-healing of highly conductive, fully metallic electrodes at ambient conditions. These electrodes consist of silver and liquid metal (with no polymer), and exhibit a sufficiently high conductivity of 2 S/μm. The liquid metal (LM) component enables instantaneous and repeatable self-healing of these electrodes (within a few milliseconds) under no external energy as well as high stretchability. Additionally, the inclusion of silver in this LM improves the mechanical strength of this composite, thereby overcoming the limitation of a pristine LM that has low mechanical strength. Moreover, this composite formation can be effective in preventing the penetration of gallium atoms into different metals, while preserving electrical contact properties. Also the self-healable nature of electrodes enables their outstanding sustainability against electrical breakdown at relatively high electric fields. Furthermore, the compatibility of these self-healable electrodes with conventional photolithography and wet etching facilitates high-resolution patterning for device fabrications, as demonstrated in an example with a self-healable organic light-emitting diode display.
机译：与常规金属相比，自我恢复电极中的最近方法使用具有表现出明显低的导电性的聚合物。这种自我治疗的电极也需要外部刺激来引发自我愈合，或者为其内在愈合而施加缓慢的恢复。在此，我们在环境条件下引入高导电的完全金属电极的瞬时和可重复的自我愈合。这些电极由银和液态金属（没有聚合物）组成，并且具有2 s /μm的足够高的导电率。液态金属（LM）组分在没有外部能量以及高可拉伸性的情况下使这些电极（在几毫秒内）能够瞬时和可重复的自愈合。另外，在该LM中包含银在该复合材料的机械强度提高，从而克服了机械强度低的原始LM的限制。此外，这种复合形成可以有效地防止镓原子渗透到不同的金属中，同时保持电接触性能。此外，电极的自我保守性质也使其在相对高的电场上的电击穿的优异可持续性。此外，具有传统光刻和湿法蚀刻的这些自我保卫电极的兼容性有助于用于器件制造的高分辨率图案化，如在具有自我恢复的有机发光二极管显示器的示例中所示。

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