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Financing watershed conservation: Lessons from Ecuador's evolving water trust funds

机译：为流域保护融资：厄瓜多尔不断发展的水信托基金的教训

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摘要

In early 2000, the city of Quito, Ecuador, established the Water Protection Fund (FONAG) to provide sustainable financing for the management and conservation of surrounding watersheds. FONAG was innovative in that it pioneered the use of trust funds in a voluntary, decentralized mechanism for financing watershed conservation. Since then, at least 15 water trust funds have been created or are under development in the Northern Andes, seven of which are in Ecuador. Ecuador's later water funds share many similarities with FONAG, but there are also important differences. This article analyzes the evolution of Ecuador's water trust funds since the creation of FONAG. It does so by comparing the development and effects-to-date of two of the most-recent Ecuadorian water funds: the Fund for Paramo Management and Fight Against Poverty in Tungurahua and the Regional Water Fund (FORAGUA). The article compares these newer water trust funds with FONAG and early payment for environmental services programs to identify four lessons regarding the financing of watershed conservation and related changes in community-level watershed management within Ecuador. The evolution of Ecuador's water trust funds highlights their ability to adapt to different socio-cultural and political conditions, including those that oppose the commodification of natural resources. As such, water funds provide an innovative model for providing sustainable financing for watershed conservation in countries like Ecuador where privatization is not possible for either legal or cultural reasons
机译：2000年初，厄瓜多尔基多市建立了水保护基金（FONAG），为周围流域的管理和保护提供可持续的资金。 FONAG具有创新性，因为它率先在自愿的，分散的机制中使用信托基金为流域保护筹集资金。此后，在安第斯山脉北部至少建立或正在开发15个水信托基金，其中七个在厄瓜多尔。厄瓜多尔后来的水基金与FONAG有许多相似之处，但也有重要区别。本文分析了自FONAG成立以来厄瓜多尔的水信托基金的演变。它通过比较两个最新的厄瓜多尔水基金（通古拉瓦的帕拉莫管理和消除贫困基金）和区域水基金（FORAGUA）的发展和迄今为止的影响来做到这一点。本文将这些较新的水信托基金与FONAG和环境服务计划的早期付款进行了比较，以确定了关于厄瓜多尔流域保护融资和社区级流域管理相关变化的四个教训。厄瓜多尔水信托基金的发展突显了其适应不同社会文化和政治条件的能力，包括那些反对自然资源商品化的条件。因此，水基金提供了一种创新的模式，可为厄瓜多尔等因法律或文化原因而无法私有化的国家提供可持续的集水区融资

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