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首页> 外文期刊>American Journal of Physiology >Animal models of chemotherapy-induced mucositis: translational relevance and challenges
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Animal models of chemotherapy-induced mucositis: translational relevance and challenges

机译：化疗诱导的粘液炎的动物模型：翻译相关性和挑战

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摘要

Chemotherapy for cancer patients induces damaging tissue reactions along the epithelium of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). This chemotherapy-induced mucositis (CIM) is a serious side effect of cytotoxic drugs, and several animal models of CIM have been developed, mainly in rodents and piglets, to help understand the progression of CIM and how to prevent it. Animal models allow highly controlled experimental conditions, detailed organ (e.g., GIT) insights, standardized, clinically relevant treatment regimens, and discovery of new biomarkers. Still, surprisingly few results from animal models have been translated into clinical CIM management and treatments. The results obtained from specific animal models can be difficult to translate to the diverse range of CIM manifestations in patients, which vary according to the antineoplastic drugs, dose, underlying (cancer) disease, and patient characteristics (e.g., age, genetics, and body constitution). Another factor that hinders the direct use of results from animals is inadequate collaboration between basic science and clinical science in relation to CIM. Here, we briefly describe CIM pathophysiology, particularly the basic knowledge that has been obtained from CIM animal models. These model studies have indicated potential new preventive and ameliorating interventions, including supplementation with natural bioactive diets (e.g., milk fractions, colostrum, and plant extracts), nutrients (e.g., polyunsaturated fatty acids, short-chain fatty acids, and glutamine), and growth factor peptides (e.g., transforming growth factor and glucagon-like peptide-2), as well as manipulations of the gut microbiota (e.g., prebiotics, probiotics, and antibiotics). Rodent CIM models allow well-controlled, in-depth studies of animals with or without tumors while pig models more easily make clinically relevant treatment regimens possible. In synergy, animal models of CIM provide the basic physiological understanding and the new ideas for treatment that are required to make competent decisions in clinical practice.
机译：用于癌症患者的化疗诱导沿胃肠道上皮（Git）的损伤组织反应。这种化疗诱导的粘膜炎（CIM）是细胞毒性药物的严重副作用，并且CIM的几种动物模型主要是在啮齿动物和仔猪中开发，以帮助了解CIM的进展以及如何防止它。动物模型允许高度控制的实验条件，详细的器官（例如，GIT）见解，标准化，临床相关的治疗方案和新生物标志物的发现。令人惊讶的是，令人惊讶的是，动物模型的结果已被翻译成临床CIM管理和治疗方法。从特定的动物模型获得的结果可能难以转化为患者的不同范围的CIM表现形式，其根据抗肿瘤药物，剂量，潜在（癌症）疾病和患者特征而变化（例如，年龄，遗传和身体宪法）。阻碍动物直接使用动物的结果的另一个因素是基础科学与临床科学与CIM相关的合作不足。在这里，我们简要描述了CIM病理生理学，特别是从CIM动物模型获得的基本知识。这些模型研究表明了潜在的新预防和改善干预措施，包括补充具有天然生物活性饮食（例如，牛奶分数，初乳和植物提取物），营养素（例如，多不饱和脂肪酸，短链脂肪酸和谷氨酰胺），以及生长因子肽（例如，转化生长因子和胰高血糖素样肽-2），以及肠道微生物肿瘤的操纵（例如，益生元，益生菌和抗生素）。啮齿动物CIM模型允许受到良好控制的，对动物的深入研究有或没有肿瘤的动物，而猪模型更容易在临床上进行相关的治疗方案。在协同作用中，CIM的动物模型提供了基本的生理理解和对临床实践中具有主管决策所需的治疗的新思想。

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