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From the discovery to molecular understanding of cellular iron-sulfur protein biogenesis

机译：从发现对细胞铁 - 硫蛋白生物发生的分子理解

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摘要

Protein cofactors often are the business ends of proteins, and are either synthesized inside cells or are taken up from the nutrition. A cofactor that strictly needs to be synthesized by cells is the iron-sulfur (Fe/S) cluster. This evolutionary ancient compound performs numerous biochemical functions including electron transfer, catalysis, sulfur mobilization, regulation and protein stabilization. Since the discovery of eukaryotic Fe/S protein biogenesis two decades ago, more than 30 biogenesis factors have been identified in mitochondria and cytosol. They support the synthesis, trafficking and target-specific insertion of Fe/S clusters. In this review, I first summarize what led to the initial discovery of Fe/S protein biogenesis in yeast. I then discuss the function and localization of Fe/S proteins in (non-green) eukaryotes. The major part of the review provides a detailed synopsis of the three major steps of mitochondrial Fe/S protein biogenesis, i.e. the de novo synthesis of a [2Fe-2S] cluster on a scaffold protein, the Hsp70 chaperone-mediated transfer of the cluster and integration into [2Fe-2S] recipient apoproteins, and the reductive fusion of [2Fe-2S] to [4Fe-4S] clusters and their subsequent assembly into target apoproteins. Finally, I summarize the current knowledge of the mechanisms underlying the maturation of cytosolic and nuclear Fe/S proteins.
机译：蛋白质辅助因子通常是蛋白质的业务末端，并且在细胞内合成，或者从营养中占据。严格用细胞合成的辅助因子是铁 - 硫（Fe / s）簇。这种进化的古代化合物表现了许多生化功能，包括电子转移，催化，硫动力，调节和蛋白质稳定性。自二十年前发现真核Fe / S蛋白生物发生以来，在线粒体和细胞溶醇中鉴定了超过30个生物发生的因素。它们支持Fe / S群集的合成，贩运和目标特定插入。在本次审查中，我首先总结了导致酵母中Fe / S蛋白生物发生的初步发现的原因。然后，我讨论了（非绿色）真核生物中Fe / S蛋白的功能和定位。审查的主要部分提供了对线粒体Fe / S蛋白生物发生的三个主要步骤的详细概要，即在支架蛋白质上的[2FE-2S]簇的DE Novo合成，HSP70伴侣介导的簇的转移并整合到[2FE-2S]受体植物中，以及将[2FE-2S]至[4FE-4S]簇的还原融合及其随后的组装成靶细胞蛋白。最后，我总结了关于细胞溶质和核Fe / s蛋白质成熟的机制的目前的知识。

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