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首页> 外文期刊>Agronomie >Modelling crop residue mulching effects on water use and production of maize under semi-arid and humid tropical conditions
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Modelling crop residue mulching effects on water use and production of maize under semi-arid and humid tropical conditions

机译：模拟半干旱和潮湿热带条件下农作物秸秆覆盖对玉米水分利用和生产的影响

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摘要

A key principle of direct seeding mulch-based cropping systems is the retention of crop residues on the soil surface to preserve soil water for crop growth. In this study the impact of surface crop residue on water use and production risk associated with rainfall variability is analysed for two contrasting tropical sites. The two sites are La Tinaja in semi-arid Mexico and Planaltina in humid Brazil. The crop growth model STICS, version 3,0 was updated with a simple empirical module, incorporating the following effects of surface residue on soil water balance: (1) rainfall interception and subsequent mulch evaporation; (2) radiation interception with associated reduction of soil evaporation and (3) reduction of surface water runoff. The results of the model simulations showed that the effect of radiation interception at both sites was much more important than the effect of intercepting rain. The high sensitivity of model yield predictions to surface water runoff, especially in La Tinaja, highlighted the importance of a careful parameterisation of the surface water runoff formalism. The model results suggested that even small amounts of surface residue are effective at reducing water loss and increasing yield. In La Tinaja, grain yield was increased at least twofold with retention of 1 Mg ha~(-1) surface residue. In Planaltina, the advantage of water conservation by surface residue is partly offset by increased drainage losses. As a consequence, the impact of crop residue mulching on grain yield was lower at that site.
机译：直接播种覆盖覆盖作物系统的关键原理是保留土壤表面的农作物残留物，以保持土壤水分供作物生长。在这项研究中，分析了两个截然相反的热带地区地表作物残渣对水分利用和与降雨多变性相关的生产风险的影响。这两个地点分别是半干旱墨西哥的La Tinaja和潮湿的巴西的Planaltina。用一个简单的经验模块更新了作物生长模型STICS，3.0版，该模型纳入了表面残留物对土壤水平衡的以下影响：（1）降雨截留和随后的覆盖蒸发; （2）拦截辐射，从而减少土壤蒸发;（3）减少地表水径流。模型仿真的结果表明，两个地点的辐射拦截效果都比拦截雨的效果重要得多。模型产量预测对地表水径流的高度敏感性，尤其是在拉蒂纳哈（La Tinaja）地区，突显了对地表水径流形式化进行仔细参数化的重要性。模型结果表明，即使少量的表面残留物也可有效减少水分流失并提高产量。在La Tinaja，保留1 Mg ha〜（-1）表面残留物，谷物产量至少增加了两倍。在普拉纳尔蒂纳（Planaltina），地表残留物节约用水的优势部分被排水损失增加所抵消。结果，该地的农作物覆盖物覆盖对谷物产量的影响较低。

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