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Maternal hair testing to disclose self-misreporting in drinking and smoking behavior during pregnancy

机译：母头发测试，揭示怀孕期间饮用和吸烟行为的自我误报

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This study aimed to objectively verify smoking and drinking behavior during pregnancy and to disclose self-misreporting through maternal hair analysis. A total of 153 women attending a university hospital in Barcelona (Spain) were selected and interviewed after delivery, on their smoking and drinking habits during pregnancy. A 9-cm hair strand was collected and analyzed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry for the presence of nicotine (NIC) and ethyl glucuronide (EtG) as biomarkers of tobacco and alcohol consumption, respectively. Concentrations of EtG <7?pg/mg hair and ≥30?pg/mg hair in the 0–3-cm hair segment have been used to assess, respectively, total abstinence and chronic excessive consumption in the previous 3 months, with repetitive moderate drinking lying in the interval 7–30?pg EtG per mg hair. Hair NIC less than 1?ng/mg hair indicates non-exposure to tobacco smoke while hair NIC indicates daily active smoking. In the interview, 28.1% of women declared to have smoked occasionally during gestation, while only 2.6% stated to have consumed alcohol on more than one occasion during pregnancy. Hair testing of smoking biomarkers disclosed that 7.2% of women remained active smokers during the whole pregnancy (hair NIC: 3.21–56.98?ng/mg hair), 16.3% were passive non-smokers or occasional smokers (hair NIC: 1.04–2.99?ng/mg hair), while 76.5% were not exposed to any cigarette smoke (hair NIC?
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