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首页> 外文期刊>Annual Review of Public Health >Evaluating the Health Impact of Large-Scale Public Policy Changes: Classical and Novel Approaches
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Evaluating the Health Impact of Large-Scale Public Policy Changes: Classical and Novel Approaches

机译：评估大规模公共政策变化的健康影响：古典和新的方法

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摘要

Large-scale public policy changes are often recommended to improve public health. Despite varying widely-from tobacco taxes to poverty-relief programs-such policies present a common dilemma to public health researchers: how to evaluate their health effects when randomized controlled trials are not possible. Here, we review the state of knowledge and experience of public health researchers who rigorously evaluate the health consequences of large-scale public policy changes. Weorganize our discussion by detailing approaches to address three common challenges of conducting policy evaluations: distinguishing a policy effect from time trends in health outcomes or preexisting differences between policy-affected and -unaffected communities (using difference-in-differences approaches); constructing a comparison population when a policy affects a population for whom a well-matched comparator is not immediately available (using propensity score or synthetic control approaches); and addressing unobserved confounders by utilizing quasi-random variations in policy exposure (using regression discontinuity, instrumental variables, or near-far matching approaches).
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