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Ploys and counterploys of assassin bugs and their dangerous spider prey

机译：刺客臭虫及其危险的蜘蛛猎物的阴谋和反谋

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摘要

Behavioural interplay between predator and prey is often overlooked in favour of simpler, more tractable, analyses that focus on just one of the participants. However, a deeper understanding of predator-prey systems can be gained by focusing on the interdependence of predator and prey behaviour, which may be especially complex when the prey has means of retaliation. Web-building spiders are formidable predators of insects, with fangs and venom as weapons, and webs that function both as traps and in transmitting vibrations from intruder movements. Nevertheless, Stenolemus giraffa assassin bugs specialise in preying on web-building spiders using a strategy based on stealth. We illustrate the challenges of pursuing dangerous prey through detailed observations of S. giraffa in pursuit of three spider species. We show that it is difficult for S. giraffa to approach spiders without triggering any response from prey spiders, and that they inhibit escalated responses from the spiders by adjusting their behaviour according to the spider's initial response. The webs of spiders pursued by S. giraffa vary in structure and adhesiveness, and spiders themselves vary in how they respond to disturbances in their webs, creating diverse predatory scenarios. Despite diversity in web type and prey response, S. giraffa was similarly successful at capturing three spider species investigated here, indicating an ability to effectively monitor prey behaviour and adjust their own behaviour to meet the demands of different predatory scenarios.
机译：捕食者与猎物之间的行为相互作用经常被忽视，而只关注其中一个参与者的分析更加简单，易懂。但是，通过关注捕食者与猎物行为的相互依赖性，可以获得对捕食者－猎物系统的更深入的了解，当猎物具有报复手段时，这可能尤其复杂。建造网状的蜘蛛是强大的昆虫捕食者，以毒牙和毒液为武器，而网状结构既可以充当陷阱，也可以传播入侵者的振动。不过，Stenolemus giraffa刺客bug专门使用基于隐身的策略来捕食网络构建蜘蛛。我们通过对S. giraffa的详细观察来说明追求三种蜘蛛物种的方式来说明追求危险猎物的挑战。我们表明，S。giraffa很难接近蜘蛛而不触发猎物蜘蛛的任何响应，并且它们通过根据蜘蛛的初始响应调整其行为来抑制蜘蛛不断升级的响应。 S. giraffa追捕的蜘蛛网结构和粘附性各不相同，蜘蛛自身对网中干扰的反应方式也各不相同，从而形成了各种掠夺性场景。尽管网的类型和猎物的反应各不相同，但吉拉夫链霉菌还是成功地捕获了这里调查的三种蜘蛛，这表明它能够有效地监视猎物的行为并调整其行为，从而满足不同掠夺性情况的需求。

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