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首页> 外文期刊>Behaviour >Redirected aggression reduces the cost for victims in semi-provisioned free-ranging Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata fuscata)
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Redirected aggression reduces the cost for victims in semi-provisioned free-ranging Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata fuscata)

机译：定向侵略减少了半自动放养的日本猕猴（Macaca fuscata fuscata）的受害者损失

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In many social species, the victim often attacks an uninvolved third individual soon after a conflict. This behaviour is called 'redirected aggression' or 'redirection', and its role(s) remain(s) controversial. We observed semi-provisioned free-ranging Japanese macaques at Iwatayama Monkey Park in Arashiyama, Kyoto, Japan, to test three hypotheses concerning the function of redirected aggression: Japanese macaques perform redirection to (1) indirectly retaliate against the aggressor, (2) reduce post-conflict stress, or (3) reduce post-conflict uncertainty. When we observed aggressive interactions, we recorded the behaviour of victims during the subsequent 10 min. Redirection occurred more frequently when the rank of the victim of the initial conflict was high, when the victim was an older monkey, and when conflicts occurred among kin. The results largely supported hypothesis 3. Victims received renewed aggression not only from the initial aggressor but also from bystanders more frequently within 1 min after the initial conflict than in the subsequent 9 min. Victims who performed redirection received less aggression from bystanders. Victims might have been able to avoid renewed aggression because they could change their state from victim to aggressor by performing redirection. This effect of redirection did not differ with the victim's rank. However, the lower the victim's rank, the higher the risk that they would receive retaliation from the target of the redirected aggression or the latter's kin. Thus, redirection caused the same magnitude of benefit and a different magnitude of risk according to the victim's rank. The victim may need to judge his/her own situation when making the decision as to whether to perform redirection
机译：在许多社会物种中，受害人通常在冲突后不久就袭击一个不参与其中的第三人。这种行为被称为“重定向侵略”或“重定向”，其作用仍然存在争议。我们在日本京都岚山的岩田山猴子公园观察了半开阔的日本猕猴，以测试有关重定向攻击功能的三种假设：日本猕猴执行重定向至（1）间接报复侵略者，（2）减少攻击者冲突后压力，或（3）减少冲突后不确定性。当我们观察到激进的互动时，我们记录了随后10分钟内受害者的行为。当最初冲突的受害者的等级很高，受害者是一只较大的猴子以及亲戚之间发生冲突时，重定向会更频繁地发生。结果在很大程度上支持了假设3。与最初的侵略者相比，受害者在最初的冲突后1分钟之内不仅从最初的侵略者而且从旁观者那里收到新的侵略，而不是随后的9分钟。进行重定向的受害者受到旁观者的攻击较少。受害者可能能够避免再次发生侵略，因为他们可以通过执行重定向将其状态从受害者更改为侵略者。重定向的效果与受害人的等级无异。但是，受害人的等级越低，他们受到改发攻击目标或亲属目标报复的风险就越大。因此，根据受害者的等级，重定向会带来相同的收益和不同的风险。受害者在决定是否执行重定向时可能需要判断自己的处境

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