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首页> 外文期刊>Annals of Applied Biology >Positive plant microbial interactions in perennial ryegrass dairy pasture systems.
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Positive plant microbial interactions in perennial ryegrass dairy pasture systems.

机译：多年生黑麦草奶牛牧场系统中植物微生物的积极相互作用。

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Literature on positive plant microbial interactions in perennial ryegrass dairy pasture systems is reviewed and interactions that have been reported to have a substantial impact on pasture production and/or levels of chemical inputs into or losses from the system are assessed. Utilisation of N2 fixing (rhizobia) white clover as the N input into a perennial ryegrass pasture is likely to give pasture and milk production similar to that with addition of 200 kg inorganic N ha-1 annum-1 and avoid greenhouse gas emissions resulting from N fertiliser production. Use of the nitrification inhibitor dicyandiamide that de-activates the ammonia monooxygenase enzyme in ammonia-oxidising bacteria can substantially reduce NO3- leaching and N2O emissions from perennial ryegrass pastures while increasing productivity. Infection of perennial ryegrass plants with the fungal endophyte Neotyphodium lolii is very significant for the production and persistence of dairy pastures in Australasia due to the endophyte producing a range of alkaloids that confer benefit to the host plant through insect resistance/repellance. In addition, there is considerable potential to manipulate rumen microorganisms such that methane production per unit organic matter intake and the proportion of N uptake that is excreted in urine are decreased while production is maintained or increased. Also, P-solubilising bacteria and mycorrhizas are worthy of study in relation to the development of inoculants for use as a mechanism to increase P availability in pastures from reserves in the soil and/or applied rock phosphate.
机译：回顾了多年生黑麦草乳品牧场系统中有关植物微生物相互作用的文献，并评估了据报道对牧场生产和/或系统中化学物质投入或损失有重大影响的相互作用。利用N 2 固氮（根瘤菌）白三叶草作为多年生黑麦草牧场中的氮输入，可能会产生牧场和牛奶生产，类似于添加200 kg无机N ha -1 年 -1 ，并避免氮肥生产导致的温室气体排放。使用硝化抑制剂双氰胺使氨氧化细菌中的氨单加氧酶失活可以大大减少NO 3 -的浸出和N 2 的浸出多年生黑麦草牧场的O排放量，同时提高了生产力。真菌内生菌 Neotyphodium lolii 对多年生黑麦草植物的感染对于大洋洲奶牛牧场的生产和持久性非常重要，因为内生菌会产生一系列生物碱，这些生物碱通过抗虫性对宿主植物有利/排斥。另外，操纵瘤胃微生物的潜力很大，以致在保持或增加产量的同时，单位有机质摄入量的甲烷产量和尿液中排泄的氮素吸收比例降低。同样，关于P的增溶细菌和菌根在育种剂的开发方面值得研究，该育种剂用作从土壤和/或施用的磷酸盐岩中增加草场中P利用率的机制。

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