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首页> 外文期刊>Animal Production Science >Opportunities and trade-offs in dual-purpose cereals across the southern Australian mixed-farming zone: a modelling study. (Special Issue: Grain & Graze: an innovative triple bottom line approach to collaborative and multidisciplinary mixed-farmingsystems research, development and extension.)
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Opportunities and trade-offs in dual-purpose cereals across the southern Australian mixed-farming zone: a modelling study. (Special Issue: Grain & Graze: an innovative triple bottom line approach to collaborative and multidisciplinary mixed-farmingsystems research, development and extension.)

机译：横跨澳大利亚南部混合农业区的两用谷物的机会与取舍：一项模型研究。 （特刊：《谷物与吃草》：一种创新的三重底线方法，用于协作和多学科的混合农业系统的研究，开发和扩展。）

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Dual-purpose cereals are employed in the high-rainfall zone of southern Australia to provide additional winter forage. Recently there has been interest in applying this technology in the drier environments of South and Western Australia. It would therefore be useful to gain an understanding of the trade-offs and risks associated with grazing wheat crops in different locations. In this study the APSIM (Agricultural Production Systems Simulator) crop and soil simulation models were linked to the GRAZPLAN pasture and livestock models and used to examine the benefits and costs of grazing cereal crops at 21 locations spanning seven of the regions participating in the Grain & Graze research, development and extension program. A self-contained part of a mixed farm (an annual pasture-wheat rotation plus permanent pastures) supporting a breeding ewe enterprise was simulated. At each location the consequences were examined of: (i) replacing a spring wheat cultivar with a dual-purpose cultivar (cv. Wedgetail or Tennant) in 1 year of the rotation; and (ii) either grazing that crop in winter, or leaving it ungrazed. The frequency of early sowing opportunities enabling the use of a dual-purpose cultivar was high. When left ungrazed the dual-purpose cultivars yielded less grain on average (by 0.1-0.9 t/ha) than spring cultivars in Western Australia and the Eyre Peninsula but more (by 0.25-0.8 t/ha) in south-eastern Australia. Stocking rate and hence animal production per ha could be increased proportionately more when a dual-purpose cultivar was used for grazing; because of the adjustments to stocking rates, grazing of the wheat had little effect on lamb sale weights. Across locations, the relative reduction in wheat yield caused by grazing the wheats was proportional to the grazing pressure upon them. Any economic advantage of moving to a dual-purpose system is likely to arise mainly from the benefit to livestock production in Western Australia, but primarily from grain production in south-eastern Australia (including the Mallee region). Between years, the relationship between increased livestock production and decreased grain yield from grazing crops shifts widely; it may therefore be possible to identify flexible grazing rules that optimise this trade-off.
机译：在澳大利亚南部的高雨量地区使用了两用谷物，以提供额外的冬季饲料。最近，有兴趣在南澳大利亚州和西澳大利亚州的干燥环境中应用此技术。因此，有必要了解与不同地区放牧小麦作物有关的权衡和风险。在本研究中，APSIM（农业生产系统模拟器）的作物和土壤模拟模型与GRAZPLAN牧场和牲畜模型相关联，并用于检查在参与粮食和农业的七个地区的21个地点放牧谷物作物的收益和成本。吃草研究，开发和推广计划。模拟了一个支持饲养母羊企业的混合农场的自足部分（每年牧场-小麦轮作加永久牧场）。在每个地点检查了以下后果：（i）在轮换的1年内用两用品种（楔形或楔形）改种春小麦品种; （ii）在冬季放牧该农作物，或将其放牧。能够使用两用品种的早期播种机会很高。放牧后，两用品种的平均产量比西澳大利亚州和艾尔半岛的春季品种少（0.1-0.9吨/公顷），而在澳大利亚东南部则多（0.25-0.8吨/公顷）。当使用两用品种放牧时，放牧率和因此每公顷的动物产量可以成比例地增加;由于放养率的调整，放牧小麦对羔羊的销售体重影响很小。在各个地区，由于放牧小麦而导致的小麦单产的相对减少与对它们的放牧压力成正比。转向两用系统的任何经济优势可能主要来自西澳大利亚州畜牧业的收益，但主要来自澳大利亚东南部（包括马利地区）的谷物生产。在数年之间，放牧作物带来的牲畜产量增加与谷物减产之间的关系发生了广泛的变化。因此，有可能确定优化此折衷的灵活放牧规则。

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