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首页> 外文期刊>Parasitology >Effects of parasites upon non-host predator avoidance behaviour in native and invasive gammarids
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Effects of parasites upon non-host predator avoidance behaviour in native and invasive gammarids

机译：寄生虫在天然和侵袭性γ中的非宿主捕食者避免行为上的影响

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摘要

The acanthocephalan parasite, Polymorphus minutus, manipulates its intermediate hosts’ (gammarids) behaviour, presumably to facilitate its transmission to the definitive hosts. A fundamental question is whether this capability has evolved to target gammarids in general, or specifically sympatric gammarids. We assessed the responses to chemical cues from a non-host predator (the three-spined sticklebacks Gasterosteus aculeatus) in infected and non-infected gammarids; two native (Gammarus pulex and Gammarus fossarum), and one invasive (Echinogammarus berilloni) species, all sampled in the Paderborn Plateau (Germany). The level of predator avoidance was assessed by subjecting gammarids to choice experiments with the presence or absence of predator chemical cues. We did not detect any behavioural differences between uninfected and infected G. pulex and E. berilloni, but an elevated degree of predator avoidance in infected G. fossarum. Avoiding non-host predators may ultimately increase the probability of P. minutus’ of predation by the definitive host. Our results suggested that P. minutus’ ability to alter the host’s behaviour may have evolved to specifically target sympatric gammarid host species. Uninfected gammarids did not appear to avoid the non-host predator chemical cues. Overall the results also opened the possibility that parasites may play a critical role in the success or failure of invasive species.
机译：棘头类寄生虫微小多形虫（Polymorphus minutus）操纵其中间宿主（gammarids）的行为，可能是为了促进其向最终宿主的传播。一个基本的问题是，这种能力是否已经发展到一般针对gammarids，或者具体针对同域gammarids。我们评估了感染和未感染的gammarids对来自非宿主捕食者（三棘刺鱼Gasterosteus aculeatus）的化学线索的反应；两个本地物种（pulex Gammarus和fossarum Gammarus）和一个入侵物种（Echinogammarus berilloni），均在帕德伯恩高原（德国）采样。捕食者回避的程度是通过在有无捕食者化学线索的情况下进行选择实验来评估的。我们没有检测到未感染和感染的普莱克斯革兰菌和贝里洛尼革兰菌之间存在任何行为差异，但在感染的福萨鲁姆革兰革兰菌中，捕食者回避程度有所提高。避免非寄主捕食者可能最终增加微小隐孢子虫被最终寄主捕食的可能性。我们的结果表明，微小隐孢子虫改变寄主行为的能力可能已经进化到专门针对同域金枪鱼寄主物种。未受感染的金枪鱼似乎无法避免非宿主捕食者的化学线索。总的来说，研究结果还揭示了寄生虫可能在入侵物种成败中发挥关键作用的可能性。

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