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Classic and evolving animal models in Parkinson's disease

机译：帕金森病的经典和不断发展的动物模型

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Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease with motor and non-motor symptoms. PD is characterized by the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) and deficiency of dopamine in the striatal region. The primary objective in PD research is to understand the pathogenesis, targets, and development of therapeutic interventions to control the progress of the disease. The anatomical and physiological resemblances between humans and animals gathered the researcher's attention towards the use of animals in PD research. Due to varying age of onset, symptoms, and progression rate, PD becomes heterogeneous which demands the variety of animal models to study diverse features of the disease. Parkinson is a multifactorial disorder, selection of models become important as not a single model shows all the biochemical features of the disease. Currently, conventional pharmacological, neurotoxin-induced, genetically modified and cellular models are available for PD research, but none of them recapitulate all the biochemical characteristics of the disease. In this review, we included the updated knowledge on the main features of currently available in vivo and in vitro models as well as their strengths and weaknesses.
机译：帕金森病（PD）是一种进行性神经退行性疾病，具有运动和非运动症状。帕金森病的特征是黑质致密部（SNpc）多巴胺能神经元变性，纹状体区多巴胺缺乏。帕金森病研究的主要目标是了解发病机制、目标和治疗干预措施的发展，以控制疾病的进展。人类和动物之间的解剖学和生理学相似性引起了研究人员对在PD研究中使用动物的关注。由于不同的发病年龄、症状和进展率，PD变得异质性，这就需要不同的动物模型来研究疾病的不同特征。帕金森病是一种多因素疾病，模型的选择变得很重要，因为没有一个模型能显示该疾病的所有生化特征。目前，传统的药理学、神经毒素诱导、基因修饰和细胞模型可用于帕金森病的研究，但它们都不能概括该疾病的所有生化特征。在这篇综述中，我们介绍了目前可用的体内和体外模型的主要特征及其优缺点的最新知识。

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