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首页> 外文期刊>The American psychologist >The Science of Teamwork: Progress, Reflections, and the Road Ahead
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The Science of Teamwork: Progress, Reflections, and the Road Ahead

机译：团队合作的科学：进步，思考和前方的道路

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We need teams in nearly every aspect of our lives (e. g., hospitals, schools, flight decks, nuclear power plants, oil rigs, the military, and corporate offices). Nearly a century of psychological science has uncovered extensive knowledge about team-related processes and outcomes. In this article, we draw from the reviews and articles of this special issue to identify 10 key reflections that have arisen in the team literature, briefly summarized here. Team researchers have developed many theories surrounding the multilayered aspects of teams, such that now we have a solid theoretical basis for teams. We have recognized that the collective is often stronger than the individual, initiating the shift from individual tasks to team tasks. All teams are not created equal, so it is important to consider the context to understand relevant team dynamics and outcomes, but sometimes teams performing in different contexts are more similar than not. It is critical to have teamwork-supportive organizational conditions and environments where psychological safety can flourish and be a mechanism to resolve conflicts, ensure safety, mitigate errors, learn, and improve performance. There are also helpful teamwork competencies that can increase effectiveness across teams or tasks that have been identified (e. g., coordination, communication, and adaptability). Even if a team is made up of experts, it can still fail if they do not know how to cooperate, coordinate, and communicate well together. To ensure the improvement and maintenance of effective team functioning, the organization must implement team development interventions and evaluate relevant team outcomes with robust diagnostic measurement. We conclude with 3 main directions for scientists to expand upon in the future: (a) address issues with technology to make further improvements in team assessment, (b) learn more about multiteam systems, and (c) bridge the gap between theory and practice. In summary, the science of teams has made substantial progress but still has plenty of room for advancement.
机译：我们几乎在生活的方方面面都需要团队（例如，医院、学校、飞行甲板、核电站、石油钻井平台、军队和公司办公室）。近一个世纪的心理科学揭示了团队相关过程和结果的广泛知识。在这篇文章中，我们从这期特刊的评论和文章中找出了团队文献中出现的10个关键反思，这里简要总结。团队研究人员围绕团队的多层次方面发展了许多理论，因此现在我们有了团队的坚实理论基础。我们已经认识到，集体往往比个人更强大，开始了从个人任务到团队任务的转变。所有团队都不是平等的，所以重要的是考虑上下文来理解相关的团队动态和结果，但有时团队在不同的上下文中执行比不相似。关键是要有支持团队合作的组织条件和环境，使心理安全能够蓬勃发展，并成为解决冲突、确保安全、减少错误、学习和提高绩效的机制。还有一些有用的团队合作能力，可以提高团队或已确定任务的效率（例如，协调、沟通和适应性）。即使一个团队由专家组成，如果他们不知道如何合作、协调和良好沟通，也可能失败。为了确保团队有效运作的改善和维持，组织必须实施团队发展干预措施，并使用稳健的诊断测量评估相关团队成果。最后，我们总结了科学家未来需要拓展的三个主要方向：（a）解决技术问题，以进一步改进团队评估；（b）了解更多关于多团队系统的知识；（c）弥合理论与实践之间的差距。总之，团队科学已经取得了实质性进展，但仍有很大的发展空间。

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