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首页> 外文期刊>The International journal of drug policy >A highly charged field: Mapping energies, currents and desires for reform in Canadian expert responses to drug law
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A highly charged field: Mapping energies, currents and desires for reform in Canadian expert responses to drug law

机译：一场带有高度收费的领域：在加拿大专家对毒品法律反应中的改革进行绘图能量，电流和欲望

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While many experts consider major changes to legal approaches to drug use necessary, achieving such change has proven to be difficult. The political process is often seen as integral to bringing about change, largely due to orthodox understandings of the 'nature' of law, in which law is made by parliaments and capable of revision in only limited instances. In recent years, theorists such as Bruno Latour (2009, 2013), Andreas PhilippopoulosMihalopoulos (2015) and Serge Gutwirth (2015) have taken a more expansive view of the nature of law and its effects. According to these theorists, law also emerges from outside the political process, including through various practices such as those of professionals working within legal systems, and those engaged in resistance, navigation and subversion (Seear, 2020). This article explores these processes using Karen Barad's (2015) work on lightning. As we will explain, Barad presents lightning as a 'queer', non-linear, uncertain and indeterminate phenomenon, using it to understand causation in new ways. Along with Barad's ideas, the article draws on interview data ( N = 35) collected for two research projects in Canada. These interviews were conducted with senior drug userelated policy makers, service providers, advocates and lawyers based in British Columbia and Ontario, Canada. The interviews explore how key Canadian experts view drug law, debates about law and policy and whether they support reform. We also explore how these experts navigate the criminalisation of drugs and whether any insights can be drawn from their practices, including their attempts to navigate, subvert or change the law. First we consider experts' concern about current prohibitionist legal frameworks, finding it widespread, along with appetite for change. Second, we examine experts' accounts of strategies used for working around or challenging punitive frameworks. We find that change, like lightning, is complicated and messy; simplistic approaches to changes are not always possible, and may in fact make matters worse. There are multiple, unpredictable effects in engaging and resisting law, and thus difficulty in tackling criminalisation in any clear and simple way. Practices and processes of responding to and resisting drug-use criminalisation can thus be understood in terms that reflect the 'queer', indeterminate, unpredictable and multidirectional nature of Barad's lightning. In concluding, we note that this way of understanding legal processes and resistance has implications for the future of Canadian drug policy, including debates about whether it is possible to work within a framework of overarching criminalisation.
机译：虽然许多专家认为必要的药物使用的法律方法的重大变化，实现这种变化已被证明是困难的。政治进程通常被视为带来变革的一个组成部分，这主要是由于对法律“性质”的正统理解，即法律由议会制定，只能在有限的情况下进行修改。近年来，Bruno Latour（2009、2013）、Andreas Philippopopoulosmihalopoulos（2015）和Serge Gutwirth（2015）等理论家对法律的性质及其影响采取了更广泛的观点。根据这些理论家的说法，法律也是从政治过程之外产生的，包括通过各种实践，例如在法律体系内工作的专业人员的实践，以及从事抵抗、航行和颠覆的实践（Seear，2020）。本文使用Karen Barad（2015）在lightning上的工作来探索这些过程。正如我们将要解释的那样，巴拉德将闪电描述为一种“奇怪的”、非线性、不确定和不确定的现象，用它以新的方式理解因果关系。除了巴拉德的想法，本文还利用了为加拿大两个研究项目收集的采访数据（N=35）。这些采访是在不列颠哥伦比亚省和加拿大安大略省与药物使用者有关的高级政策制定者、服务提供商、倡导者和律师身上进行的。这些采访探讨了加拿大主要专家如何看待禁毒法，关于法律和政策的辩论，以及他们是否支持改革。我们还将探讨这些专家如何应对毒品的刑事定罪，以及是否可以从他们的实践中得出任何见解，包括他们试图操纵、颠覆或改变法律的行为。首先，我们考虑专家对现行禁止主义法律框架的关注，发现它普遍存在，同时也乐于改变。其次，我们研究了专家们对用于绕过或挑战惩罚性框架的策略的描述。我们发现变化就像闪电一样复杂而混乱；简单化的变革方法并不总是可行的，事实上可能会让事情变得更糟。参与和抵制法律会产生多种不可预测的影响，因此很难以任何明确和简单的方式解决刑事定罪问题。因此，应对和抵制毒品使用犯罪化的做法和过程可以用反映巴拉德闪电的“奇怪的”、不确定的、不可预测的和多向性的术语来理解。最后，我们注意到，这种理解法律程序和耐药性的方式对加拿大毒品政策的未来有影响，包括关于是否有可能在总体刑事定罪框架内开展工作的辩论。

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