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首页> 外文期刊>Annals of Botany >Photosynthesis under drought and salt stress: regulation mechanisms from whole plant to cell
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Photosynthesis under drought and salt stress: regulation mechanisms from whole plant to cell

机译：干旱和盐胁迫下的光合作用：从整株植物到细胞的调节机制

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BACKGROUND: Plants are often subjected to periods of soil and atmospheric water deficits during their life cycle as well as, in many areas of the globe, to high soil salinity. Understanding how plants respond to drought, salt and co-occurring stresses can play a major role in stabilizing crop performance under drought and saline conditions and in the protection of natural vegetation. Photosynthesis, together with cell growth, is among the primary processes to be affected by water or salt stress. SCOPE: The effects of drought and salt stresses on photosynthesis are either direct (as the diffusion limitations through the stomata and the mesophyll and the alterations in photosynthetic metabolism) or secondary, such as the oxidative stress arising from the superimposition of multiple stresses. The carbon balance of a plant during a period of salt/water stress and recovery may depend as much on the velocity and degree of photosynthetic recovery, as it depends on the degree and velocity of photosynthesis decline during water depletion. Current knowledge about physiological limitations to photosynthetic recovery after different intensities of water and salt stress is still scarce. From the large amount of data available on transcript-profiling studies in plants subjected to drought and salt it is becoming apparent that plants perceive and respond to these stresses by quickly altering gene expression in parallel with physiological and biochemical alterations; this occurs even under mild to moderate stress conditions. From a recent comprehensive study that compared salt and drought stress it is apparent that both stresses led to down-regulation of some photosynthetic genes, with most of the changes being small (ratio threshold lower than 1) possibly reflecting the mild stress imposed. When compared with drought, salt stress affected more genes and more intensely, possibly reflecting the combined effects of dehydration and osmotic stress in salt-stressed plants.
机译：背景：植物在其生命周期中经常遭受土壤和大气缺水的时期，并且在全球许多地区都遭受高盐度的影响。了解植物如何应对干旱，盐分和同时发生的胁迫可以在稳定作物在干旱和盐碱条件下的表现以及保护自然植被方面发挥重要作用。光合作用以及细胞生长是受水或盐胁迫影响的主要过程之一。范围：干旱和盐胁迫对光合作用的影响是直接的（因为通过气孔和叶肉的扩散限制以及光合代谢的改变），或者是次要的，例如由于多种胁迫叠加而产生的氧化胁迫。在盐/水分胁迫和恢复期间，植物的碳平衡可能取决于光合作用恢复的速度和程度，也取决于缺水期间光合作用下降的程度和速度。在不同强度的水分和盐胁迫后，目前对光合作用恢复的生理限制的了解仍然很少。从在干旱和盐渍植物中进行转录谱分析研究获得的大量数据来看，很明显植物通过与生理和生化改变同时快速改变基因表达来感知并响应这些胁迫。即使在轻度到中度的压力条件下也会发生这种情况。从最近的一项比较盐和干旱胁迫的综合研究中可以明显看出，两种胁迫都导致某些光合基因的下调，大多数变化很小（比率阈值低于1），可能反映了施加的轻度胁迫。与干旱相比，盐胁迫对更多基因的影响更大，影响更深，可能反映了盐胁迫植物中脱水和渗透胁迫的综合作用。

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