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首页> 外文期刊>Annals of Botany >Flowering phenology influences seed production and outcrossing rate in populations of an alpine snowbed shrub, Phyllodoce aleutica: effects of pollinators and self-incompatibility
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Flowering phenology influences seed production and outcrossing rate in populations of an alpine snowbed shrub, Phyllodoce aleutica: effects of pollinators and self-incompatibility

机译：开花物候影响高山雪床灌木菲竹（Phyllodoce aleutica）种群的种子产量和异交率：授粉媒介和自交不亲和的影响

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BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Because of differences in snowmelt time, the reproductive phenologies of alpine plants are highly variable among local populations, and there is large variation in seed set across populations. Temporal variation in pollinator availability during the season may be a major factor affecting not only seed production but also outcrossing rate of alpine plants. METHODS: Among local populations of Phyllodoce aleutica that experience different snowmelt regimes, flowering phenology, pollinator availability, seed-set rate, and outcrossing rate were compared with reference to the mating system (self-compatibility or heterospecific compatibility with a co-occurring congeneric species). KEY RESULTS: Flowering occurred sequentially among populations reflecting snowmelt time from mid-July to late August. The visit frequency of bumble-bees increased substantially in late July when workers appeared. Both seed set and outcrossing rate increased as flowering season progressed. Although flowers were self-compatible and heterospecific compatible, the mixed-pollination experiment revealed that fertilization with conspecific, outcrossing pollen took priority over selfing and hybridization, indicating a cryptic self-incompatibility. In early snowmelt populations, seed production was pollen-limited and autogamous selfing was common. However, genetic analyses revealed that selfed progenies did not contribute to the maintenance of populations due to late-acting inbreeding depression. CONCLUSIONS: Large variations in seed-set and outcrossing rates among populations were caused by the timing of pollinator availability during the season and the cryptic self-incompatibility of this species. Despite the intensive pollen limitation in part of the early season, reproductive assurance by autogamous selfing was not evident. Under fluctuating conditions of pollinator availability and flowering structures, P. aleutica maintained the genetic composition by conspecific outcrossing.
机译：背景与目的：由于融雪时间的差异，当地人群中高山植物的生殖物候差异很大，而且不同人群的种子集差异很大。季节中传粉媒介可用性的时间变化可能是一个主要因素，不仅影响种子产量，而且影响高山植物的异交率。方法：在经历不同融雪方式的当地疫霉菌种群中，将开花物候，传粉媒介可用性，结实率和异交率与交配系统进行了比较（自相容性或同种共生物种的异种相容性） ）。关键结果：人群中依次开花，反映了从7月中旬到8月下旬的融雪时间。 7月下旬，当工人出现时，大黄蜂的探视频率大大增加了。随着开花季节的进展，结实率和异交率均增加。尽管花是自相容的和异种相容的，但混合授粉实验表明，具有同种异型花粉的施肥比自交和杂交优先，表明存在隐秘的自我不相容性。在早期融雪种群中，种子生产受花粉限制，自交自交是常见的。然而，遗传分析表明，由于近亲近亲衰退作用迟钝，自交后代对维持种群没有帮助。结论：种群间结实率和异交率的巨大差异是由于该季节授粉媒介的可利用时间和该物种的隐秘自交不亲和性引起的。尽管在早期的早期阶段花粉受到严格的限制，但通过配子自交的繁殖保证并不明显。在授粉媒介可用性和开花结构波动的条件下，古罗马假单胞菌通过同种异交杂交保持了遗传组成。

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