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首页> 外文期刊>Annals of Botany >Centennial olive trees as a reservoir of genetic diversity
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Centennial olive trees as a reservoir of genetic diversity

机译：百年橄榄树作为遗传多样性的储存库

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Background and Aims Genetic characterization and phylogenetic analysis of the oldest trees could be a powerful tool both for germplasm collection and for understanding the earliest origins of clonally propagated fruit crops. The olive tree (Olea europaea L.) is a suitable model to study the origin of cultivars due to its long life-span, resulting in the existence of both centennial and millennial trees across the Mediterranean Basin.Methods The genetic identity and diversity as well as the phylogenetic relationships among the oldest wild and cultivated olives of southern Spain were evaluated by analysing simple sequence repeat markers. Samples from both the canopy and the roots of each tree were analysed to distinguish which trees were self-rooted and which were grafted. The ancient olives were also put into chronological order to infer the antiquity of traditional olive cultivars.Key Results Only 9.6% out of 104 a priori cultivated ancient genotypes matched current olive cultivars. The percentage of unidentified genotypes was higher among the oldest olives, which could be because they belong to ancient unknown cultivars or because of possible intra-cultivar variability. Comparing the observed patterns of genetic variation made it possible to distinguish which trees were grafted onto putative wild olives.Conclusions This study of ancient olives has been fruitful both for germplasm collection and for enlarging our knowledge about olive domestication. The findings suggest that grafting pre-existing wild olives with olive cultivars was linked to the beginnings of olive growing. Additionally, the low number of genotypes identified in current cultivars points out that the ancient olives from southern Spain constitute a priceless reservoir of genetic diversity.
机译：背景和目的对最老的树木进行遗传特征分析和系统发育分析可能是收集种质资源和了解无性繁殖的水果作物最早起源的有力工具。橄榄树（Olea europaea L.）因其寿命长而成为研究品种起源的合适模型，因此整个地中海盆地都存在百年树和千年树。方法遗传身份和多样性通过分析简单的序列重复标记来评估西班牙南部最古老的野生和栽培橄榄之间的系统发育关系。分析了每棵树的冠层和根部的样品，以区分哪些树是自生根的，哪些是嫁接的。古代橄榄还按时间顺序排列以推断传统橄榄品种的古代。主要结果104个先验栽培的古代基因型中只有9.6％与当前的橄榄品种匹配。在最古老的橄榄中，未知基因型的百分比更高，这可能是因为它们属于古老的未知品种，或者是由于品种内部可能的变异性所致。通过比较观察到的遗传变异模式，可以区分出将哪些树木嫁接到推定的野生橄榄上。结论这项对古代橄榄的研究在种质收集和扩大我们对橄榄驯化方面的知识上都富有成果。研究结果表明，将已有的野生橄榄与橄榄品种嫁接在一起与橄榄生长的开始有关。此外，目前品种中鉴定出的基因型数量很少，这表明来自西班牙南部的古橄榄构成了无价的遗传多样性资源。

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