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Telemedicine for Patient Management on Expeditions in Remote and Austere Environments: A Systematic Review

机译:远程诊所的远程医疗在远程和AUSTERE环境中的探险管理:系统评价

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Telemedicine potentially offers enormous value to expeditions to remote environments. For healthcare professionals, telemedicine can provide access to specialist advice. Where no healthcare professionals are present, telemedicine may be the sole source of expert care. This systematic review appraises and summarizes the current literature regarding telemedicine in patient management on expeditions to remote locations and identifies areas for future research. MEDLINE and EMBASE were systematically searched for relevant articles from 1980 through February 2018. Data were handled according to the PRISMA process and analyzed using type-specific critical appraisal checklists where possible. Two hundred twenty-five articles were identified, 33 of which were included in this systematic review. They encompassed a variety of remote environments, including maritime (13), polar (9), mountainous (5), jungle (1), and multiple austere environments (6). Although some environments were better reported than others, many overarching concepts were generalizable. Through channels of communication that included telephone, radio, videoconferencing, and email, telemedicine has been used effectively in a range of environments to initiate treatment, follow up with patients, and determine the appropriateness of evacuation. Telementoring, in which a remote expert guides a local care provider in performing a procedure or task, is a promising aspect of telemedicine that is currently being developed. As technology advances, the scope of telemedicine will continue to expand. However, each new telemedical development must be shown to do more than simply function in a remote environment. Instead, new technologies should be tested for improved patient, practitioner, or expedition outcomes, within a telemedical system.
机译:远程医疗有可能为探索远程环境提供巨大的价值。对于医疗保健专业人员来说,远程医疗可以提供专家建议。如果没有医疗专业人员在场,远程医疗可能是专家护理的唯一来源。本系统综述评估和总结了远程医疗在偏远地区远征患者管理方面的最新文献,并确定了未来研究的领域。从1980年到2018年2月,MEDLINE和EMBASE系统地搜索了相关文章。根据PRISMA流程处理数据,并尽可能使用特定类型的关键评估清单进行分析。共鉴定了225篇文章,其中33篇被纳入本系统综述。他们遇到了各种各样的偏远环境,包括海洋(13)、极地(9)、山地(5)、丛林(1)和多种严酷的环境(6)。尽管有些环境的报告比其他环境更好,但许多总体概念是可以概括的。通过包括电话、无线电、视频会议和电子邮件在内的通信渠道,远程医疗已在一系列环境中得到有效利用,以启动治疗、跟踪患者并确定撤离的适当性。远程医疗是目前正在开发的远程医疗的一个很有前途的方面,远程专家在远程医疗中指导本地护理提供者执行某个程序或任务。随着技术的进步,远程医疗的范围将继续扩大。然而,必须证明每一项新的远程医疗发展不仅仅是在远程环境中发挥作用。相反,应该在远程医疗系统中测试新技术,以改善患者、从业者或远征结果。

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