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Comparing responses of four ungulate species to playbacks of baboon alarm calls

机译：比较四种有蹄类动物对狒狒警报声回放的响应

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A growing body of evidence suggests that a wide range of animals can recognize and respond appropriately to calls produced by other species. Social learning has been implicated as a possible mechanism by which heterospecific call recognition might develop. To examine whether familiarity and/or shared vulnerability with the calling species might influence the ability of sympatric species to distinguish heterospecific alarm calls, we tested whether four ungulate species (impala: Aepyceros melampus; tsessebe: Damaliscus lunatus; zebra: Equus burchelli; wildebeest: Connochaetes taurinus) could distinguish baboon (Papio hamadryas ursinus) alarm calls from other loud baboon calls produced during intra-specific aggressive interactions (contest' calls). Overall, subjects' responses were stronger following playback of alarm calls than contest calls. Of the species tested, impala showed the strongest responses and the greatest difference in composite response scores, suggesting they were best able to differentiate call types. Compared with the other ungulate species, impala are the most frequent associates of baboons. Moreover, like baboons, they are susceptible to both lion and leopard attacks, whereas leopards rarely take the larger ungulates. Although it seems possible that high rates of association and/or shared vulnerability may influence impala's greater ability to distinguish among baboon call types, our results point to a stronger influence of familiarity. Ours is the first study to compare such abilities among several community members with variable natural histories, and we discuss future experiments that would more systematically examine development of these skills in young ungulates.
机译：越来越多的证据表明，各种各样的动物可以识别其他物种发出的声音并做出适当反应。社会学习被认为是一种可能发展异种呼叫识别的机制。为了检查与呼叫物种的熟悉度和/或共有脆弱性是否会影响同胞物种区分异种警报的能力，我们测试了四种有蹄类物种（黑斑羚：Aepyceros melampus; tsessebe：Damaliscus lunatus;斑马：Equus burchelli;牛羚： Connochaetes taurinus）可以将狒狒（Papio hamadryas ursinus）警报呼叫与特定物种内激进互动过程中产生的其他响亮狒狒呼叫（竞赛呼叫）区分开。总体而言，在播放报警电话后，受试者的反应比竞赛电话要强。在测试的物种中，黑斑羚表现出最强的反应和最大的复合反应得分差异，表明它们最能区分呼叫类型。与其他有蹄类动物相比，黑斑羚是狒狒中最常见的伙伴。而且，像狒狒一样，它们也容易受到狮子和豹子的攻击，而豹子很少带有较大的有蹄类动物。尽管较高的关联度和/或共享的脆弱性似乎可能会影响Impala区分狒狒呼叫类型的更大能力，但我们的结果表明对熟悉度的影响更大。我们的研究是第一个在具有不同自然历史的社区成员之间比较这种能力的研究，并且我们讨论了将来的实验，这些实验将更系统地检查年轻有蹄类动物的这些技能的发展。

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