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首页> 外文期刊>Animal Conservation >Floater strategies and dynamics in birds, and their importance in conservation biology: towards an understanding of nonbreeders in avian populations
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Floater strategies and dynamics in birds, and their importance in conservation biology: towards an understanding of nonbreeders in avian populations

机译：鸟类的漂浮物策略和动态及其在保护生物学中的重要性：对鸟类种群中非繁殖者的理解

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Over the past 40 years, the study of animal populations has shifted from a relatively simple science that assumed the most crucial regulating mechanisms were the intrinsic properties of breeders, to a more complex and refined discipline that reflects a greater understanding of populations and their dynamics. Part of this shift has been the explicit recognition of the importance of a previously overlooked nonbreeding component of animal populations, the so-called floaters. Here we review and discuss the various effects that pools of floaters can have on the structure, dynamics and persistence of bird populations. Under some circumstances floaters can be both active intruders that can alter the breeding performance and behavioural traits of territory owners, as well as secretive presences reducing the extinction risk of populations. Floaters are crucial elements in conservation biology, and knowledge of their behaviour and dynamics in avian communities can be a key factor in the success of conservation strategies. Firstly, larger pools of floaters are associated with more stable breeding populations, even in cases where breeding output could be impacted through interference by floaters. Secondly, the effects of habitat loss and mortality rates are frequently ignored in areas where floaters settle, and consequently conservation measures tend to overlook these sites, potentially leading to increased risks of mortality among floaters. Thirdly, because an increase in the proportion of juveniles in the breeding component of a population may be because of increased pre-adult and/or adult mortality rates, a change in the age of breeders has the potential to function as a warning of an imminent decline in breeding populations. Most population studies have only considered the breeding components of animal populations, so it is time now to focus attention on the floater component, wherein the solution to many conservation issues may be found.
机译：在过去的40年中，对动物种群的研究已经从相对简单的科学（假定最关键的调节机制是育种者的内在属性）转向了更加复杂和完善的学科，以反映对种群及其动态的更多了解。这种转变的部分原因是，人们明确认识到以前被忽视的动物种群的非繁殖部分即所谓的浮游生物的重要性。在这里，我们回顾并讨论漂浮物池对鸟类种群的结构，动态和持久性的各种影响。在某些情况下，流动人口可能是活跃的入侵者，可以改变领地所有者的繁殖性能和行为特征，也可以通过秘密存在降低种群灭绝的风险。漂浮物是保护生物学的关键要素，了解鸟类在鸟类群落中的行为和动态可能是保护策略成功的关键因素。首先，即使在漂浮物的干扰可能影响繁殖产量的情况下，更大的漂浮物库也可以带来更稳定的繁殖种群。其次，在流浪者定居的地区经常忽略栖息地丧失和死亡率的影响，因此养护措施往往忽略了这些地点，可能导致流浪者死亡的风险增加。第三，由于种群繁殖部分中未成年人的比例增加可能是由于成年前和/或成年死亡率增加，育种者年龄的改变有可能作​​为即将来临的警告繁殖种群下降。大多数种群研究仅考虑了动物种群的育种成分，因此现在是时候将注意力集中在漂浮物成分上，在其中可以找到许多保护问题的解决方案。

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