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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition >The Semantic Distance Task: Quantifying Semantic Distance With Semantic Network Path Length
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The Semantic Distance Task: Quantifying Semantic Distance With Semantic Network Path Length

机译：语义距离任务：量化语义网络路径长度的语义距离

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摘要

Semantic distance is a determining factor in cognitive processes, such as semantic priming, operating upon semantic memory. The main computational approach to compute semantic distance is through latent semantic analysis (LSA). However, objections have been raised against this approach, mainly in its failure at predicting semantic priming. We propose a novel approach to computing semantic distance, based on network science methodology. Path length in a semantic network represents the amount of steps needed to traverse from 1 word in the network to the other. We examine whether path length can be used as a measure of semantic distance, by investigating how path length affect performance in a semantic relatedness judgment task and recall from memory. Our results show a differential effect on performance: Up to 4 steps separating between word-pairs, participants exhibit an increase in reaction time (RT) and decrease in the percentage of word-pairs judged as related. From 4 steps onward, participants exhibit a significant decrease in RT and the word-pairs are dominantly judged as unrelated. Furthermore, we show that as path length between word-pairs increases, success in free-and cued-recall decreases. Finally, we demonstrate how our measure outperforms computational methods measuring semantic distance (LSA and positive pointwise mutual information) in predicting participants RT and subjective judgments of semantic strength. Thus, we provide a computational alternative to computing semantic distance. Furthermore, this approach addresses key issues in cognitive theory, namely the breadth of the spreading activation process and the effect of semantic distance on memory retrieval.
机译：语义距离是认知过程中的一个决定因素，比如语义启动，作用于语义记忆。计算语义距离的主要方法是通过潜在语义分析（LSA）。然而，有人反对这种方法，主要是因为它不能预测语义启动。我们提出了一种新的基于网络科学方法的语义距离计算方法。语义网络中的路径长度表示从网络中的一个单词到另一个单词所需的步数。我们通过研究路径长度如何影响语义相关判断任务和记忆回忆的表现，来检验路径长度是否可以作为语义距离的度量。我们的结果显示了对表现的不同影响：在单词对之间分隔多达4个步骤时，参与者表现出反应时间（RT）的增加和判断为相关的单词对百分比的减少。从4个步骤开始，受试者的RT显著降低，并且词对主要被判断为不相关。此外，我们还发现，随着词对之间路径长度的增加，自由回忆和线索回忆的成功率降低。最后，我们展示了我们的测量方法在预测参与者RT和语义强度主观判断方面如何优于测量语义距离的计算方法（LSA和正向逐点互信息）。因此，我们提供了一种计算语义距离的替代方法。此外，这种方法解决了认知理论中的关键问题，即扩散激活过程的广度以及语义距离对记忆提取的影响。

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