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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of hydrometeorology >The Post-Wildfire Impact of Burn Severity and Age on Black Carbon Snow Deposition and Implications for Snow Water Resources, Cascade Range, Washington
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The Post-Wildfire Impact of Burn Severity and Age on Black Carbon Snow Deposition and Implications for Snow Water Resources, Cascade Range, Washington

机译：烧伤严重程度和年龄的野外火灾影响对黑碳沉积和雪水资源影响，级联范围，华盛顿

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摘要

Wildfires in the snow zone affect ablation by removing forest canopy, which enhances surface solar irradiance, and depositing light absorbing particles [LAPs, such as black carbon (BC)] on the snowpack, reducing snow albedo. How variations in BC deposition affects post-wildfire snowmelt timing is poorly known and highly relevant to water resources. We present a field-based analysis of BC variability across five sites of varying burn age and burn severity in the Cascade Range, Washington State, United States. Single particle soot photometer (SP2) analyses of BC snow concentrations were used to assess the impact of BC on snow albedo, and radiative transfer modeling was used to estimate the radiative effect of BC on snowmelt. Results were compared to Snowpack Telemetry (SNOTEL) data from one site that burned in 2012 and another in a proximal unburned forest. We show that post-wildfire forests provide a significant source of BC to the snowpack, and this effect increases by an order of magnitude in regions of high versus low burn severity, and decreased by two orders of magnitude over a decade. There is a shift in the timing of snowmelt, with snow disappearance occurring on average 19 +/- 9 days earlier post-wildfire (2013-19) relative to pre-wildfire (1983-2012). This study improves understanding of the connection between wildfire activity and snowmelt, which is of high relevance as climate change models project further decreases in snowpack and increases in wildfire activity in the Washington Cascades.
机译：雪区的野火会通过移除森林冠层（这会增强表面的太阳辐照度）和在积雪上沉积吸光颗粒[LAPs，如黑碳（BC）]来影响消融，从而降低雪的反照率。BC沉积的变化如何影响野火后融雪的时间尚不清楚，并且与水资源高度相关。我们对美国华盛顿州Cascade Range五个不同烧伤年龄和烧伤严重程度的地点的BC变异性进行了现场分析。用单粒子煤烟光度计（SP2）分析BC雪浓度来评估BC对雪反照率的影响，并用辐射传输模型来估计BC对融雪的辐射效应。研究结果与2012年一个燃烧地点和附近一个未燃烧森林的积雪遥测（SNOTEL）数据进行了比较。我们表明，野火后森林为积雪提供了重要的BC来源，这种影响在烧伤严重程度较高和较低的地区增加了一个数量级，在十年内减少了两个数量级。融雪的时间发生了变化，与前野火（1983-2012）相比，野火后（2013-19）平均提前19+/-9天雪消失。这项研究提高了对野火活动与融雪之间关系的理解，这与气候变化模型预测华盛顿瀑布的积雪进一步减少和野火活动增加具有高度相关性。

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