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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Morphology >Functional morphology of vertebrate claws investigated using functionally based categories and multiple morphological metrics
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Functional morphology of vertebrate claws investigated using functionally based categories and multiple morphological metrics

机译：使用功能基础的类别和多种形态学测量研究了脊椎动物爪的功能形态

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The link between claw morphology and function has been historically difficult to quantify, analyze, and interpret. In this study, the functional morphology of vertebrate claws is analyzed using measurements taken from 80 modern claw specimens spanning birds, mammals, and one reptile. Claw measurements were chosen for their potential biomechanical significance and a revised, expanded categorization of claw function is defined and used. This categorization scheme is the result of an extensive literature review and is based on the observed mechanics of claw function rather than the animal's overall ecology, an important departure from the norm followed in previous studies. A principal component analysis of the claw measurements reveals that some of the morphological disparity is related to functional differences; however, different functional categories are not clearly separated based solely on morphology. A linear discriminant analysis successfully classifies 81.25% of the claw specimens to their documented functional categories. When the posterior probabilities of each classification are examined, and the next highest probabilities are considered, the analysis is able to successfully classify 96.25% of the claw specimens. Expressing angle measurements in terms of lengths prior to analysis and incorporating cross-sectional shape data both serve to reduce the misclassification rate. The use of biomechanically meaningful claw measurements and categories based on function (rather than ecology) improves confidence in the ability to infer claw function based on morphology using discriminant analysis methods. While overall claw morphology is most certainly the result of multiple factors (e.g., growth, size, etc.), this study establishes that it reflects mechanical function more than previously demonstrated.
机译：爪的形态和功能之间的联系历来难以量化、分析和解释。在这项研究中，通过对80个现代爪子标本的测量，分析了脊椎动物爪子的功能形态，这些标本涵盖鸟类、哺乳动物和一种爬行动物。选择爪测量是因为其潜在的生物力学意义，并定义和使用了对爪功能进行修订和扩展的分类。这一分类方案是广泛文献综述的结果，并基于观察到的爪功能机制，而不是动物的整体生态，这与之前研究中遵循的规范有着重要的不同。对爪测量的主成分分析表明，一些形态差异与功能差异有关；然而，仅仅基于形态学，不同的功能类别并没有明确区分。线性判别分析成功地将81.25%的爪标本分类为其记录的功能类别。当检查每个分类的后验概率，并考虑下一个最高概率时，分析能够成功地对96.25%的爪标本进行分类。在分析之前，根据长度表达角度测量值，并结合横截面形状数据，都有助于降低误分类率。基于功能（而非生态学）的有生物力学意义的爪测量和分类的使用，提高了利用判别分析方法基于形态学推断爪功能的信心。虽然整体爪的形态是多种因素（如生长、大小等）共同作用的结果，但这项研究证实，爪的形态比之前证明的更能反映机械功能。

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