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首页> 外文期刊>Annals of the Association of American Geographers >The Uneven Geography of Racial and Ethnic Wage Inequality: Specifying Local Labor Market Effects
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The Uneven Geography of Racial and Ethnic Wage Inequality: Specifying Local Labor Market Effects

机译：种族和民族工资不平等的不平衡地理位置：确定当地劳动力市场的影响

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This article extends research on intermetropolitan and regional wage inequality through an investigation of the uneven geography of racial and ethnic wage inequality across metropolitan labor markets. Prior geographic studies largely restricted analysis of the source of intermetropolitan wage disparities to differences in industrial structure. The study described in this article further expands the analysis of labor market effects by conceptually describing and empirically analyzing the effects of three significant racial labor market institutions: public employment, unionization, and the penal system. I investigate these effects as part of a more extensive analysis of how local labor market structure-comprised of industrial mix, demographic composition, and institutional and regulatory arrangements-matters in mediating racial wage inequality. I use data from the 2000 U.S. Census and multilevel methods to analyze the wage differentials of African American and native- and foreign-born Latino men relative to whites across 186 U.S. metropolitan areas. Local labor market structure mediates different types of racial wage inequality in distinct ways: Regulatory context matters most for the relative wages of African Americans; both regulatory context and industrial mix influence the relative wages of native-born Latinos; and industrial composition matters most for the relative wages of foreign-born Latinos. Against these broad patterns of difference, not all effects-especially regulatory and institutional effects-are singularly group specific. Unionization shores up wages for both white and black high school-educated workers and mitigates racial wage inequality. Higher minimum wage rates boost the relative wages of high school-educated whites and native-born Latinos.
机译：本文通过对大都市劳动力市场上种族和族裔工资不平等的不均衡地理分布的调查，扩展了都市间和地区工资不平等的研究。先前的地理研究在很大程度上将对都市间工资差异的根源的分析局限于工业结构的差异。本文所描述的研究通过概念性描述和实证分析了三个重要的种族劳动力市场制度的影响，进一步扩大了对劳动力市场影响的分析：公共就业，工会和刑罚制度。作为更广泛的分析的一部分，我研究了这些影响，这些分析是本地劳动力市场结构如何由产业结构，人口构成以及体制和监管安排组成的，它是调解种族工资不平等的因素。我使用来自2000年美国人口普查的数据和多级方法，分析了186个美国大都市地区的非洲裔美国人以及本地出生和外国出生的拉丁美洲人相对于白人的工资差异。当地的劳动力市场结构以不同的方式解决了不同类型的种族工资不平等问题：监管环境对非裔美国人的相对工资最为重要;监管环境和产业结构都会影响当地裔拉丁美洲人的相对工资;对于外国出生的拉美裔人的相对工资而言，工业构成最为重要。在这些广泛的差异模式下，并非所有效果（尤其是监管效果和制度效果）都是特定于组的。工会化为白人和黑人受过高中教育的工人提供了工资，并减轻了种族工资的不平等。更高的最低工资率提高了受过高中教育的白人和本地出生的拉丁裔的相对工资。

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