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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Parasitology >RNA-SEQ: THE EARLY RESPONSE OF THE SNAIL PHYSELLA ACUTA TO THE DIGENETIC TREMATODE ECHINOSTOMA PARAENSEI
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RNA-SEQ: THE EARLY RESPONSE OF THE SNAIL PHYSELLA ACUTA TO THE DIGENETIC TREMATODE ECHINOSTOMA PARAENSEI

机译：RNA-SEQ：蜗牛Physella Acuta对DigeNetic Threatode Echinostoma paraensii的早期反应

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摘要

To analyze the response of the snail Physella acuta to Echinostoma paraensei, a compatible digenetic trematode, Illumina RNA-seq data were collected from snails with early infection (5 snails at 2 days post-exposure [DPE]) and established infection (4 snails, 8 DPE), and 7 control (unexposed) snails. A reference transcriptome (325,563 transcripts, including 98% of eukaryotic universal single-copy orthologs; BUSCO) and a draft P. acuta genome (employing available genomic Illumina reads; 799,945 scaffolds, includes 88% BUSCO genes) were assembled to guide RNA-seq analyses. Parasite exposure of P. acuta led to 10,195 differentially expressed (DE) genes at 2 DPE and 8,876 DE genes at 8 DPE with only 18% of up-regulated and 22% of down-regulated sequences shared between these time points. Gene ontology (GO) analysis yielded functional annotation of only 1.2% of DE genes but did not indicate major changes in biological activities of P. acuta between 2 and 8 DPE. Increased insights were achieved by analysis of expression profiles of 460 immune-relevant DE transcripts, identified by BLAST and InterProScan. Physella acuta has expanded gene families that encode immune-relevant domains, including CD109/TEP, GTPase IMAP, Limulus agglutination factor (dermatopontin), FReD (>= 82 sequences with fibrinogen-related domains), and transcripts that combine C-type lectin (C-LECT) and C1q domains, novel among metazoa. Notably, P. acuta expressed sequences from these immune gene families at all time points, but the assemblages of unique transcripts from particular immune gene families differed between 2 and 8 DPE. The shift in profiles of DE immune genes, from early exposure to parasite establishment, suggests that compatible P. acuta initially respond to infection but switch to express immune genes that likely are less effective against E. paraensei but counter other types of (opportunistic) pathogens and parasites. We propose that the latter expression profile is part of an extended phenotype of E. paraensei, imposed upon P. acuta through parasite manipulation of the host, following successful parasite establishment in the snail after 2 DPE.
机译：为了分析棘口吸虫（一种兼容的双基因吸虫）对钉螺的反应，从早期感染（暴露后2天[DPE]有5只钉螺）和已确定感染（4只钉螺，8只DPE）的钉螺和7只对照（未暴露）钉螺中收集了Illumina RNA seq数据。组装了一个参考转录组（325563个转录本，包括98%的真核通用单拷贝同源基因；BUSCO）和一个尖吻蚌基因组草案（利用可用的基因组Illumina阅读；799945个支架，包括88%的BUSCO基因），以指导RNA-seq分析。在2 DPE和8 DPE时，寄生虫暴露于针叶拟青霉导致10195个差异表达（DE）基因和8876个差异表达（DE）基因，这些时间点之间只有18%的上调和22%的下调序列共享。基因本体（GO）分析仅对1.2%的DE基因进行了功能注释，但并未表明在2到8 DPE之间，尖吻蝮蛇的生物活性发生了重大变化。通过分析BLAST和InterProScan鉴定的460个免疫相关DE转录本的表达谱，获得了更多的见解。Physella acuta已经扩展了编码免疫相关结构域的基因家族，包括CD109/TEP、GTPase IMAP、鲎凝集因子（皮桥蛋白）、FReD（>=82个与纤维蛋白原相关结构域的序列），以及结合C型凝集素（C-LECT）和C1q结构域的转录本，这在后生动物中是新发现的。值得注意的是，尖孢杆菌在所有时间点都表达来自这些免疫基因家族的序列，但来自特定免疫基因家族的独特转录物的组合在2到8 DPE之间存在差异。从早期接触到寄生虫建立，去免疫基因谱的变化表明，兼容的尖灭活菌最初对感染有反应，但转而表达免疫基因，这些基因可能对副埃希菌的效果较差，但对抗其他类型（机会性）病原体和寄生虫。我们认为，后一种表达谱是副感E.的扩展表型的一部分，在2 DPE后在蜗牛中成功建立寄生虫后，通过寄生虫操纵宿主施加于尖吻贝。

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