A Systematic Statistical Approach to Evaluating Evidence from Observational Studies

Madigan David; Stang Paul E.; Berlin Jesse A.; Schuemie Martijn; Overhage J. Marc; Suchard Marc A.; Dumouchel Bill; Hartzema Abraham G.; Ryan Patrick B.; BE Fienberg SE

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A Systematic Statistical Approach to Evaluating Evidence from Observational Studies

机译：评价观察研究证据的系统统计方法

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Threats to the validity of observational studies on the effects of interventions raise questions about the appropriate role of such studies in decision making. Nonetheless, scholarly journals in fields such as medicine, education, and the social sciences feature many such studies, often with limited exploration of these threats, and the lay press is rife with news stories based on these studies. Consumers of these studies rely on the expertise of the study authors to conduct appropriate analyses, and on the thoroughness of the scientific peer-review process to check the validity, but the introspective and ad hoc nature of the design of these analyses appears to elude any meaningful objective assessment of their performance. Here, we review some of the challenges encountered in observational studies and review an alternative, data-driven approach to observational study design, execution, and analysis. Although much work remains, we believe this research direction shows promise.

机译：对干预效果影响的观察性研究有效性的威胁提出了有关此类研究在决策中的适当作用的疑问。尽管如此，医学，教育和社会科学等领域的学术期刊都进行了许多此类研究，但对这些威胁的探索往往有限，而新闻界充斥着基于这些研究的新闻报道。这些研究的使用者依靠研究作者的专业知识来进行适当的分析，并依靠科学的同行评审过程的彻底性来检查有效性，但是这些分析设计的内省性和临时性似乎使任何人难以接受对他们的表现进行有意义的客观评估。在这里，我们回顾了观测研究中遇到的一些挑战，并回顾了观测研究设计，执行和分析的另一种数据驱动方法。尽管还有很多工作要做，但我们相信这一研究方向显示出了希望。

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来源
《Annual Review of Statistics and Its Application》 |2014年第null期|共29页
作者
Madigan David; Stang Paul E.; Berlin Jesse A.; Schuemie Martijn; Overhage J. Marc; Suchard Marc A.; Dumouchel Bill; Hartzema Abraham G.; Ryan Patrick B.; BE Fienberg SE;
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正文语种 eng
中图分类统计学;
关键词
pharmacovigilance; epidemiology; data interpretation; statistical; electronic heath records; observational studies;

机译：药物警戒;流行病学;数据解释;统计;电子健康记录;观察研究;

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1. A Systematic Statistical Approach to Evaluating Evidence from Observational Studies [J] . Madigan David, Stang Paul E., Berlin Jesse A., Annual Review of Statistics and Its Application . 2014,第Null期

机译：评价观察研究证据的系统统计方法
2. Systematic reviews of observational studies: evaluating evidence quality [J] . Myers Evan R. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology . 2016,第1期

机译：对观察研究的系统审查：评估证据质量
3. A systematic approach to statistical evaluation of geographic atrophy clinical studies [J] . Kim Thomas, Mitchell Alan, Liu Jeen, Investigative ophthalmology & visual science . 2017,第8期

机译：地理萎缩临床研究统计评估的系统方法
4. A systematic approach to evaluate the impact of urban form on urban energy efficiency: a case study in Shanghai [C] . Xin Wang, Zhengwei Li International Conference on Applied Energy . 2017

机译：评估城市形态对城市能源效率影响的系统方法 - 以上海为例
5. Evaluating surgical outcomes: A systematic comparison of evidence from randomized trials and observational studies in laparoscopic colorectal cancer surgery. [D] . Martel, Guillaume. 2012

机译：评估手术效果：腹腔镜结直肠癌手术的随机试验和观察性研究证据的系统比较。
6. International multicentre observational study to evaluate the association between perioperative red blood cell transfusions and 1-year mortality after major cancer surgery (ARCA-1): study design statistical analysis plan and study protocol [O] . Juan Cata, Maria Ramirez, Patrice Forget, 2021

机译：国际多方面观测研究评估主要癌症手术（ARCA-1）后围手术期红细胞输血和1年死亡率之间的关联：研究设计统计分析计划和研究方案
7. Occupational therapy intervention with a child is based upon an understanding and appreciation of normal development. Knowledge of current concepts and theories related to child development is essential when occupational therapist evaluates children. This background information helps therapist to plan intervention for the child. The aim of this study is to make observation video about development of about one year old child. The purpose of my study is to help occupational therapy students learn about child development. My study is practice-based thesis. It includes product, which is the observation video and study rapport. I describe my whole process in my rapport. The process includes different kinds of stages. First, I studied those theories of child development, which are used in the studies of occupational therapy for children. These theories are Moseys Developmental Frame of Reference and the theory of development according to Sensory Integration Theory. These theories are the frames of reference of my study. I organize the child development areas according to child occupations and skills. Then I start to plan, film and edit my video based on the theories of child development and the principles of making a video. In my rapport I describe all the stages of my study and explain the sequence and the content of the stages. I also evaluate the process of my study. In the observation video you can see those stages of development where about one year old child is based on the frames of reference, which I have used in my study. I believe that my observation video can at least be good for inspiring occupational therapy students learning about child development. Keywords child development, learning, observation video [O] . Lehtinen Ann-Mari 2006

机译：对儿童的职业治疗干预基于对正常发育的理解和欣赏。当职业治疗师评估儿童时，与儿童发育相关的当前概念和理论的知识必不可少。这些背景信息可帮助治疗师为孩子计划干预措施。这项研究的目的是制作有关约一岁儿童发育的观察视频。我研究的目的是帮助职业治疗学生学习儿童成长。我的研究是基于实践的论文。它包括产品，这是观察视频和学习融洽的关系。我以融洽的方式描述我的整个过程。该过程包括不同阶段。首先，我研究了有关儿童发育的理论，这些理论被用于儿童的职业治疗研究中。这些理论是Moseys发展参考框架和根据感觉统合理论的发展理论。这些理论是我研究的参考框架。我根据儿童职业和技能组织儿童发展领域。然后，我根据儿童发育理论和视频制作原理开始计划，拍摄和编辑视频。在融洽的关系中，我描述了学习的所有阶段，并解释了这些阶段的顺序和内容。我还评估了我的学习过程。在观察视频中，您可以看到那些发展阶段，其中大约一岁的孩子基于我的研究框架。我相信，我的观察视频至少可以对激发职业治疗的学生学习儿童发育有帮助。关键字儿童发展，学习，观察视频

A Systematic Statistical Approach to Evaluating Evidence from Observational Studies

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