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首页> 外文期刊>Annual review of plant biology >DNA Transfer from Organelles to the Nucleus:The Idiosyncratic Genetics of Endosymbiosis
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DNA Transfer from Organelles to the Nucleus:The Idiosyncratic Genetics of Endosymbiosis

机译：DNA从细胞器转移到细胞核：内共生的特异遗传

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摘要

In eukaryotes, DNA is exchanged between endosymbiosis-derived compartments (mitochondria and chloroplasts) and the nucleus. Organelleto-nucleus DNA transfer involves repair of double-stranded breaks by nonhomologous end-joining, and resulted during early organelle evolution in massive relocation of organelle genes to the nucleus. A large fraction of the products of the nuclear genes so acquired are retargeted to their ancestral compartment; many others now function in new sub-cellular locations. Almost all present-day nuclear transfers of mitochondrial or plastid DNA give rise to noncoding sequences, dubbed nuclear mitochondrial DNAs (NUMTs) and nuclear plastid DNAs (NUPTs). Some of these sequences were recruited as exons, thus introducing new coding sequences into preexisting nuclear genes by a novel mechanism. In organisms derived from secondary or tertiary endosymbiosis, serial gene transfers involving nucleus-to-nucleus migration of DNA have also occurred. Intercompartmental DNA transfer therefore represents a significant driving force for gene and genome evolution, relocating and refashioning genes and contributing to genetic diversity.
机译：在真核生物中，DNA在内共生衍生的区室（线粒体和叶绿体）和细胞核之间交换。细胞器-细胞核DNA转移涉及通过非同源末端连接修复双链断裂，并且是在细胞器基因大量转移到细胞核的早期细胞器进化过程中导致的。这样获得的大部分核基因产物被重新定位到它们的祖先隔室。现在有许多其他功能在新的亚细胞位置发挥作用。当今几乎所有的线粒体或质体DNA核转移都产生非编码序列，称为核线粒体DNA（NUMT）和核质体DNA（NUPT）。这些序列中的一些被募集为外显子，从而通过新机制将新的编码序列引入到预先存在的核基因中。在衍生自继发性或三次共生的生物中，涉及DNA从核到核迁移的连续基因转移也已发生。因此，室间DNA转移代表了基因和基因组进化，基因的重新定位和重塑以及促进遗传多样性的重要驱动力。

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