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首页> 外文期刊>Annual Review of Analytical Chemistry >Ambient Femtosecond Laser Vaporization and Nanosecond Laser Desorption Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry
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Ambient Femtosecond Laser Vaporization and Nanosecond Laser Desorption Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry

机译：飞秒激光汽化和纳秒激光解吸电喷雾电离质谱

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摘要

Recent investigations of ambient laser-based transfer of molecules into the gas phase for subsequent mass spectral analysis have undergone a renaissance resulting from the separation of vaporization and ionization events. Here, we seek to provide a snapshot of recent femtosecond (fs) duration laser vaporization and nanosecond (ns) duration laser desorption electro-spray ionization mass spectrometry experiments. The former employs pulse durations of <100 fs to enable matrix-free laser vaporization with little or no fragmentation. When coupled to electrospray ionization, femtosecond laser vaporization provides a universal, rapid mass spectral analysis method requiring no sample workup. Remarkably, laser pulses with intensities exceeding 10~(13) W cm~(-2) desorb intact macromolecules, such as proteins, and even preserve the condensed phase of folded or unfolded protein structures according to the mass spectral charge state distribution, as demonstrated for cytochrome c and lysozyme. Because of the ability to vaporize and ionize multiple components from complex mixtures for subsequent analysis, near perfect classification of explosive formulations, plant tissue phenotypes, and even the identity of the manufacturer of smokeless powders can be determined by multivariate statistics. We also review the more mature field of nanosecond laser desorption for ambient mass spectrometry, covering the wide range of systems analyzed, the need for resonant absorption, and the spatial imaging of complex systems like tissue samples.
机译：由于对汽化和电离事件的分离，对基于环境激光的分子向气相转移以进行后续质谱分析的最新研究已经复兴。在这里，我们寻求提供近期飞秒（fs）持续时间的激光汽化和纳秒（ns）持续时间的激光解吸电喷雾电离质谱实验的快照。前者采用<100 fs的脉冲持续时间来实现无基质激光蒸发，且几乎没有碎片。飞秒激光汽化与电喷雾电离耦合时，提供了一种通用，快速的质谱分析方法，不需要样品处理。值得注意的是，强度超过10〜（13）W cm〜（-2）的激光脉冲会释放完整的大分子，例如蛋白质，甚至根据质谱图的电荷状态分布保留折叠或未折叠蛋白质结构的凝结相。用于细胞色素c和溶菌酶。由于能够蒸发和电离复杂混合物中的多种成分以进行后续分析，因此可以通过多元统计来确定炸药配方，植物组织表型甚至是无烟粉制造商的身份的近乎完美的分类。我们还回顾了用于环境质谱的纳秒激光解吸的更成熟的领域，涵盖了广泛分析的系统，共振吸收的需求以及复杂系统（如组织样本）的空间成像。

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